每天都会接到很多晶振客户的询盘,有的是工厂采购,有的是贸易商采购,有的是EMS代工厂采购员等等.每天都有上百个咨询石英晶振参数报价及拿货订货.也有很多客户经常会"一问三不知",什么是一问三不知,就是我们石英晶振销售人员口中经常说的参数,尺寸,封装.并不是每一个来咨询问料的客户都是能很清楚明白的知道晶振都有哪些参数.这也跟专业性有关吧,毕竟我们是专业做晶振这一块的,对于刚接触晶振的采购人员来说就是一个未知领域,就像我一样,我从事石英晶振销售三年有余,虽然说是从事电子行业的人员,但我却对其它电子产品”一概不知”.什么电容电阻二三极管,到现在为止我都还不知道他们到底长啥样.虽然客户发过来的电路板上是会有这些产品出现,但我却认不出来.只能从板子里认出晶振,然后估出大概尺寸,看出哪个品牌.我们公司从事晶振行业18年有余,一直坚守晶振行业这个领域的事业.现在给大家介绍一下<什么是晶振的具体参数>,<晶振的专业术语>.

Every day, I receive a lot of enquiries from crystal customers, some are factory procurement, some are traders, some are EMS foundry buyers, etc. Every day, there are hundreds of consulting quartz crystal parameters and get orders. Many customers often "One question, three don't know", what is one question, three, I don't know, it is the parameters, size, and packaging that we often say in the quartz crystal sales staff. Not every customer who consults can know clearly what crystals are. Parameters. This is also related to professionalism. After all, we are specialized in crystal oscillators. It is an unknown field for purchasers who are just in contact with crystal oscillators. Like me, I have been engaged in the sales of quartz crystal oscillators for more than three years, although I am a person in the electronics industry, but I don’t know about other electronic products. I don’t know what capacitors and diodes are. So far, I don’t know how long they are. Although the customer’s board will be there. These products appear, but I can't recognize them. I can only recognize the crystal oscillator from the board, and then estimate the approximate size to see which brand. Our company is engaged in crystal oscillators. More than 18 years, we remain firmly committed to the cause of the crystal industry in this area and now tell you about .

首先就是我们经常有问到的,标准频率以及频率偏差也称之为精度.(Nominal Frequency and Tolerance)

The first is what we often ask. Standard frequency and frequency deviation are also called accuracy. (Nominal Frequency and Tolerance)

在正确的振荡线路匹配下,从振荡线路输出的频率称之为”公称频率”.石英晶体谐振器的频率通常都是以兆赫兹(MHZ)或者千赫兹(KHZ)来表示.而频率偏差则是在实际批量生产及振荡线路应用上,产品在室内环境25度中都会有一些相对于中心频率的频率误差.这一类的频率容许误差的最大散布值,一般是有ppm(parts per million)或者%(percent)来表示.

Under the correct oscillating line matching, the frequency output from the oscillating line is called the “nominal frequency.” The frequency of the quartz crystal resonator is usually expressed in megahertz (MHZ) or kilohertz (KHZ). The frequency deviation is In actual mass production and oscillating line applications, the product will have some frequency error relative to the center frequency in the indoor environment of 25 degrees. The maximum dispersion value of this type of frequency tolerance is generally ppm (parts per million). Or %(percent) to indicate.

其次就是石英晶振的基本波振荡和倍频振荡模态简称”泛音振动”. (Fundamental and Overtone Vibrations Mode)

The second is the fundamental wave oscillation of the quartz crystal oscillator and the frequency doubling oscillation mode referred to as "overtone vibration". (Fundamental and Overtone Vibrations Mode)

AT切割型的石英晶振主要以厚度剪切振荡模式存在,高次谐振动波与电极区域之间的基本振动共存.由于两个电极的极性相反,在压电石英晶体谐振器中只能激发奇数谐波振动.

The AT-cut quartz crystal oscillator mainly exists in the thickness shear oscillation mode, and the high-order harmonic vibration wave coexists with the basic vibration between the electrode regions. Since the polarities of the two electrodes are opposite, only the piezoelectric quartz crystal resonator can be excited. Odd harmonic vibration.

再然后就是相当主要的负载电容了(Load capacitance),负载电容CL是振荡器通过谐振器两端观察电路时所呈现出的电容量,负载电容形式上与谐振器串联或者并联,对于并联负载情况,CL的存在将影响并联谐振频率,而并联负载谐振频率FL由下面工式给出,所以在咨询型号参数的时候,这个参数必需是客户指定参数.

Then there is a fairly large load capacitance. The load capacitance CL is the capacitance that the oscillator exhibits when observing the circuit through the resonator. The load capacitance is in series or parallel with the resonator. For parallel load conditions. The presence of CL will affect the parallel resonant frequency, and the parallel load resonant frequency FL is given by the following equation, so when consulting the model parameters, this parameter must be the customer-specified parameter.

在晶振购买过程中，这些参数都是用得较多的几个参数了.其实还有很多参数还没介绍完,明日再继续更新最新的晶振参数说明.希望可以帮助那些想要了解晶振,并且采购晶振的客户去了解更多的信息资料.

世界上第一块石英表的实际应用与音叉石英晶振的开发是不少工程师所流下的血液，汗水以及眼泪的结晶.随着时间慢慢的推移,石英晶振产品不断的连接着电视,电脑,手机,手表等慢慢靠近着我们的生活.渐渐的这些石英晶振产品已发展成电子行业不可或缺的固定产品.甚至被称为”工业之盐”,电子产品的”心脏”.这些石英晶振最早主由EPSON TOYOCOM公司生产制作而成.

The practical application of the world's first quartz watch and the development of the tuning fork quartz crystal oscillator are the crystallization of blood, sweat and tears that many engineers shed. As time goes by, quartz crystal products are continuously connected to TVs and computers. Mobile phones, watches, etc. are slowly approaching our lives. Gradually these quartz crystal products have developed into indispensable fixed products for the electronics industry. They are even called "the salt of industry", the "heart" of electronic products. These quartz crystal oscillators The earliest production was produced by EPSON TOYOCOM.

QMEMS(Quartz+”MEMS”)是促进MEMS(微电子机械系统)晶体材料微加工工艺独特技术的名称,是EPSON TOYOCOM公司产品的主要核心技术.通过充分利用这项技术的优势可以为石英晶体器件实现更小巧的尺寸及更好的性能.QMEMS技术的起源可以追溯到20世纪70年代初.

QMEMS (Quartz+ "MEMS") is the name of a unique technology that promotes micromachining of MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) crystal materials. It is the main core technology of EPSON TOYOCOM. By taking advantage of this technology, it can be realized for quartz crystal devices. Smaller size and better performance. The origins of QMEMS technology can be traced back to the early 1970s.

1969年，在日本中部的苏瓦湖岸边，当地的一家公司悄然成功地将世界上第一块石英晶振手表变成了现实 - “精工石英天文35Q”（图1），这一事件让世界措手不及。

In 1969, on the shores of Lake Suva in central Japan, a local company quietly succeeded in turning the world's first quartz watch into reality - "Seiko Quartz Astronomy 35Q" (Figure 1), an event that caught the world off guard. .

这真是一个划时代的突破。在此之前，石英钟表虽然非常精确，但却非常大，以至于不能轻易携带，而是采用箱形钟表的形式悬挂在墙壁上。虽然机械手表当然已经存在，但这些并不精确。需要一个创新的解决方案来解决更好的精度和更紧凑的尺寸的双重问题，全球各地的公司都在1960年代中后期进行无情竞争以找到一个问题。

This is really an epoch-making breakthrough. Prior to this, quartz clocks, although very precise, were so large that they could not be easily carried, but were suspended from the wall in the form of a box-shaped clock. Although mechanical watches certainly exist, these are not precise. An innovative solution is needed to solve the double problem of better precision and more compact size, and companies around the world have ruthlessly competed in the mid to late 1960s to find a problem.

图1：世界上第一块石英手表'精工石英Astron 35Q'
注：这些电影是使用YouTube™提供的。
YouTube是Google Inc.的商标

图2：Quartz Astron开发之前的晶体单元这是
在Quartz Astron到来之前实际使用的晶体单元
类型的一个例子。虽然看起来很大，长约50毫
米，但它实际上是当时最小的水晶单元之一.

它是精工苏瓦株式会社，苏瓦湖岸边，它正悄悄地控制着这个发展的竞争对手。使精工苏瓦株式会社领先其竞争对手的因素之一是该公司成功地使晶体单元更加紧凑。传统的水晶装置尺寸非常大，无法装入手表般小的东西（图2）。精工苏瓦株式会社通过采用称为“音叉晶体”的新结构解决了这个问题。新开发的'Cal.35SQ'型尺寸*晶体单元的直径为4.3mm×长度为18.5mm（图3）。此外，精工苏瓦株式会社还能够调整水晶单元的内部结构，以便克服腕表连接在佩戴者手腕上时经常受到的振动和撞击所引起的问题。

It is Seiko Suva Co., on the shores of Lake Suva, and it is quietly controlling this growing competitor. One of the factors that led Seiko Suva to lead its competitors was the company's success in making crystal units more compact. The traditional crystal device is very large in size and cannot be loaded into a watch-like thing (Fig. 2). Seiko Suva solved this problem by adopting a new structure called "tuning fork crystal". The newly developed 'Cal.35SQ' size* crystal unit has a diameter of 4.3 mm and a length of 18.5 mm (Fig. 3). In addition, Seiko Suva can adjust the internal structure of the crystal unit to overcome the problems caused by vibrations and impacts that are often encountered when the watch is attached to the wearer's wrist.

*此时公司开发的音叉式水晶单元用于Suwa Seikosha内部制造的手表。因此，“我们没有给他们一个特定的产品型号，只是通过他们的机芯名称或手表的操作机制（Calibre，或'Cal。'）来提及它们，”Mutsumi Negita说。

* At this time, the company's tuning fork crystal unit was used for watches made inside Suwa Seikosha. Therefore, "we didn't give them a specific product model, just mention them by their movement name or the operating mechanism of the watch (Calibre, or 'Cal.')," Mutsumi Negita said.

图3：Quartz Astron中使用的音叉晶体单元
采用新开发的音叉结构，使Suwa Seikosha能够成功制造出更小的晶体单元，半径仅为4.3mm，长度为18.5mm。它被分配了型号“Type Cal.35SQ”并且具有8.192kHz的正常频率。

Figure 3: Tuning fork crystal unit used in Quartz Astron
With the newly developed tuning fork structure, Suwa Seikosha was able to successfully manufacture smaller crystal units with a radius of only 4.3 mm and a length of 18.5 mm. It is assigned the model "Type Cal.35SQ" and has a normal frequency of 8.192 kHz.

日本精工爱普生晶振公司成立于1942年5月,迄今为止已经成了晶振行业较出名的进口晶振品牌,日本爱普生晶振,KDS大真空晶振,SEIKO精工晶振,KYOCERA晶振,NDK晶振均是日系较大晶振品牌供应商.市场竞争力比较大,各大进口晶振品牌制造商也不断的研发生产新产品. 

Japan Seiko Epson Crystal Co., Ltd. was established in May 1942. So far, it has become a well-known imported crystal brand in the crystal industry. Japan Epson crystal oscillator, KDS large vacuum crystal oscillator,Seiko crystaloscillator, KYOCERA crystal oscillator, NDK crystal oscillator are Japanese large crystal oscillators. Brand suppliers. The market competitiveness is relatively large, and the major imported crystal brand manufacturers are constantly developing and producing new products.

就在2014年3月26日,爱普生晶振公司推出SG7050EBN晶振.这款石英晶体振荡器型号是下一代的差分输出晶振(差分信号手于高频时钟和数据信号,以实现良好的信号完整性和高抗噪性.如:高精度,高温度,低抖动,低功耗).可实现极低的相位抖动(时钟周期之前的波动,这可能导致数据传输期间的们错误).

On March 26, 2014, Epson Crystal Corporation introduced the SG7050EBN crystal. This quartz crystal oscillator model is the next generation of differential output crystal (differential signal hands on high frequency clock and data signals for good signal integrity and High noise immunity. For example: high precision, high temperature, low jitter, low power consumption. It can achieve extremely low phase jitter (fluctuations before the clock cycle, which may cause errors during data transmission).

SG7050EBN晶振的频率范围在100~175MHZ之间,可以实现65fs的相位抖动.些性能适用于数据中心和中心局使用的1040和100千兆位以太网互连.SG7050EBN晶振将用于有线网络设备使用,包括运营商和企业,如高端路由器和交换机.

The SG7050EBN crystal has a frequency range of 100 to 175 MHz and can achieve phase jitter of 65 fs. These features are suitable for 1040 and 100 Gigabit Ethernet interconnections used in data centers and central offices. The SG7050EBN crystal oscillator will be used for wired network equipment. , including operators and enterprises, such as high-end routers and switches.

SG7050EBN采用专为低噪声设计的振荡器IC和采用爱普生专用QMEMS(QMEMS结合了”石英”,一种具有出色稳定性和精度的压电晶体材料,以采用微制造技术设计的”MEMS”微机系统.结合了MEMS技术的优势和石英材料的基本优势.也是精工爱普生晶振公司注册的商标)工艺制造的高频基波(HFF)AT切晶体(HFF晶体单元是通过光刻工艺蚀刻成倒置台面形状并以高基频振荡的晶体芯片).实现65fs相位抖动.爱普生的HFF晶体技术比传统的三次谐波晶体更加可靠.爱普生晶振公司后续也打算通过逐步发布支持HCSL和LVDS输出标准的新产品来解决网络设备中使用的各种差分输出格式.EPSON晶振致力于提高客户的设计自由度,采用高度紧凑的5032(5.0*3.2*1.0mm)封装.

The SG7050EBN uses an oscillator IC designed for low noise and a QMEMS (QMEMS combined with quartz), a piezoelectric crystal material with excellent stability and precision, and a "MEMS" microcomputer system designed with micro-fabrication technology. Combines the advantages of MEMS technology with the basic advantages of quartz materials. It is also a trademark of Seiko Epson Crystal Co., Ltd.) Processed high-frequency fundamental (HFF) AT-cut crystal (HFF crystal unit is etched into an inverted mesa shape by photolithography and High-frequency oscillation crystal chip). Realize 65fs phase jitter. Epson's HFF crystal technology is more reliable than traditional third-harmonic crystal. Epson Crystal's follow-up is also intended to solve network equipment by gradually releasing new products supporting HCSL and LVDS standards. Various differential output formats used in the EPSON crystal oscillator are dedicated to improving the customer's design freedom in a highly compact 5032 (5.0*3.2*1.0mm) package.

精工爱普生晶振公司将推广备受欢迎的可编程晶体振荡器系列，推出两个新开发的差分晶振系列产品。与同类产品相比，新型SG-8101晶振系列和SG-9101晶振系列具有更宽的工作温度范围和50％的电流消耗，而SG-8101晶振的频率容差更高66％。用户可以使用SG-Writer II* 1编程工具对SG-8101系列和扩频振荡器进行编程，从而降低SG-9101系列中的光谱EMI辐射。量产计划于2016年6月开始。

Seiko Epson Crystal will introduce the popular family of programmable crystal oscillators and introduce two newly developed differential crystal oscillators. Compared to similar products, the new SG-8101 crystal series and the SG-9101 crystal series have a wider operating temperature range and 50% current consumption, while the SG-8101 crystal has a 66% higher frequency tolerance. Users can program the SG-8101 Series and Spread Spectrum Oscillator with the SG-Writer II* 1 programming tool to reduce spectral EMI emissions in the SG-9101 Series. The mass production plan begins in June 2016.

近年来，越来越需要能够在多种环境中使用的多功率及多功能小型电子设备。包括极端户外和工厂安装，对具有出色频率稳定性和耐受各种温度的能力的晶体振荡器的需求已经增加。 。

In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for multi-power and multi-function small electronic devices that can be used in a variety of environments. Including extreme outdoor and factory installations, the demand for crystal oscillators with excellent frequency stability and ability to withstand various temperatures has increased. .

自从1997年推出世界上第一台可编程晶振SG-8000系列以来，爱普生晶振公司为市场提供了小巧，精确的可编程振荡器。爱普生开发了新的SG-8101系列，配备了高效，紧凑和精密技术的仓库。和SG-9101系列结合使用QMEMS * 2，半导体和温度补偿晶体振荡器（TCXO）频率调节技术。

Since the introduction of the world's first programmable crystal oscillator SG-8000 series in 1997, Epson Crystal has provided the market with a compact, accurate programmable oscillator. Epson has developed the new SG-8101 series, equipped with efficient, compact and sophisticated technology warehouses. Combined with the SG-9101 series, QMEMS* 2, semiconductor and temperature compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO) frequency adjustment technology.

虽然这两个系列都提供了与早期爱普生产品相当的频率和其他参数的简单可编程性（SG-8101晶振为，SG-9001晶振为SG-9101晶振）,它们还具有更宽的工作温度范围，最高限制为105℃。除了2.5 mm x 2.0 mm封装，使电子制造商能够节省电路板空间外，石英晶体振荡器还将提供以下常用封装尺寸：3.2 mm x 2.5 mm，5.0 mm x 3.2 mm和7.0 mm x 5.0毫米。

Although both series offer simple programmability with frequency and other parameters comparable to earlier Epson products (SG-8101 crystal, SG-9001 crystal is SG-9101 crystal), they also have a wider operating temperature range The maximum limit is 105 °C. In addition to the 2.5 mm x 2.0 mm package, electronics manufacturers can save board space, and the oscillators are available in the following common package sizes: 3.2 mm x 2.5 mm, 5.0 mm x 3.2 mm, and 7.0 mm x 5.0 mm.

与同类产品相比，SG-8101系列振荡器的频率容差约为66％，电流消耗降低50％。使用扩频的SG-9101系列振荡器比可比数据消耗的电流低75％。用户可以使用Epson SG-Writer II（另售）将产品编程到所需的输出频率，以及所需的输出频率调制曲线和周期。

Compared with similar products, the SG-8101 series oscillators have a frequency tolerance of approximately 66% and a current consumption reduction of 50%. The spread-spectrum SG-9101 series oscillator consumes 75% less current than comparable data. Users can use the Epson SG-Writer II (sold separately) to program the product to the desired output frequency, as well as the desired output frequency modulation curve and period.

这些振荡器可在各种环境条件下使用。它们还将显着提高性能，降低功耗要求，快速开发周期和小批量生产。

These oscillators can be used in a variety of environmental conditions. They will also significantly improve performance, reduce power requirements, rapid development cycles and small batch production.

* 1 SG-Writer II和可选组件将通过软件更新（免费）支持SG-8002和SG-8003系列中的现有产品以及新SG-8101和SG-9101系列中的产品。

* 2 QMEMS：
QMEMS结合了“石英”，一种具有优异频率稳定性和高精度的优异特性的晶体材料，以及“MEMS”（微机电系统）。
QMEMS器件通过微晶加工工艺在晶体材料上而不是像MEMS这样的半导体材料上生产，在紧凑的封装中提供高性能。QMEMS是Seiko Epson Corporation的注册商标。

在过去的几年中,娱乐,游戏和便携式市场的电子设备加速的增长推动了石英晶体和晶体振荡器的需求不断增加,甚至达到了前所未有的生产水平以及生产技术.早在十几年前,爱普生晶振的销量以及生产技术还跟不上市场的需求.比如2012晶振会无法正常出货,体积较小,生产达不到技术要求.但是随着这几年的市场需求量的增长,爱普生晶振也在不断的提升生产技术,不断的改进不足,从而使得更小尺寸1612封装晶振可以正常批量出货.

一直以来石英晶体振荡器的高Q值和稳定的温度特性,使得其在消费,商业,工业以及军事产品中起到重要的作用.自2000年至2001年”互联网”市场崩溃以来,对石英晶体以及振荡器的需求每年稳定增长4%至10%.

在早些时候,典型的GSM手机有四组不同的压电频率控制和发电组件：RF SAW滤波器（使用压电钽酸锂或铌酸锂的900 MHz至2 GHz）用于在天线和收发器芯片组之间进行传输和接收滤波;如果使用超外差降频转换,则使用SAW滤波器（主要使用石英为50至400 MHz）; TCXO（13/26 MHz,使用石英晶体）作为收发器合成器中的时钟参考,用于信道化;和音叉（使用石英晶体的32.768 kHz）用于基带部分的待机时钟.

后来,直接转换技术的成功开发在许多GSM手机中废弃了IF SAW滤波器.几年前,带有片上数字补偿晶体振荡器（DCXO）电路的GSM收发器芯片组消除了对TCXO晶振的需求.但是,仍然需要片外石英晶体.

现在的手持设备似乎没有变小,实际上它们已经变得非常小了,但是手机虽小,功能却大的多.以适应消费者多频段,多模,DSC,DVC,MP3,GPS,互联网接入,蓝牙,DTV等所需的更多功能.跟之前想法相反,随着时间的推移,需要越来越少的片外石英晶体,晶体振荡器和SAW元件,现在手机中存在着更多的石英晶体,音叉晶振,晶体振荡器,高精度温补晶振等.虽然这些组件的独特制造和封装要求使它们几乎不可能集成到成熟的硅IC平台上.

在有线和无线市场的蓬勃发展,从而使得石英晶体以及其高频SAW声表面滤波器得到广泛应用.

传统的石英晶振尺寸型号以4.1*1.5,3.2*1.5以及2.0*1.2mm提供.现在也是将这种石英音叉的厚度达到0.4毫米或者更低,从而适用于薄型产品的使用.小于5032封装石英晶振通常需要在真空中密封从而维持阻抗完整性.低兆赫兹小尺寸石英晶振的坏料也需要倾斜于石英晶体边缘,其变薄.从而有效的获得能量.在未来的几年内将出现更小尺寸的石英晶体(1.6*1.0以及1.0*0.8mm)晶振的使用.全球石英晶体供应商正在为这些小尺寸晶振工作.

很多人都不知道相当多的石英产品(石英晶体,石英音叉晶体,石英陀螺传感器等)正在制造一些MEMS(微机电系统)处理.如光刻,金属化,蚀刻,牺牲层沉积去除,金蚀刻保护等.实际上,复杂的加工步骤非平面金属化方案.由于石英晶体的硬度而耐蚀刻,高度各向异性的石英晶体的不同蚀刻速率等,使得小型化的石英晶体产品的加工更加技术上与许多基于硅的MEMS工艺相比具有挑战性.Epson Toyocom几年前创造了“QMEMS”这一术语,以认识到将石英和MEMS技术与下一代石英晶体器件联系起来的重要性.

图片 零件号 符合RoHS  封装 逻辑（输出） 供电电压 频率 TX-O 合规 2.5 X 2.0陶瓷 4焊盘SMD 截断正弦波 2.5V，2.8V，3.0V，3.3V 16.000MHz~26.000MHz TX-U 合规 2.0 X 1.6陶瓷 4垫SMD 截断正弦波 1.8V，2.5V  2.8V，3.0V，3.3V 13.000MHz~52.000MHz TX-N 合规 2.5 X 2.0陶瓷 4焊盘SMD 截断正弦波 1.8V，2.5V，2.8V 13.000MHz~52.000MHz TX-L 合规 3.2 X 2.5陶瓷 4垫SMD  CMOS  削波正弦波 1.8V，2.5V  2.8V，3.0V，3.3V 4.000MHz~54.000MHz TX-M 合规 3.2 X 2.5陶瓷 4焊盘SMD   （模拟补偿） 截断正弦波 1.8V，2.5V  2.8V，3.0V，3.3V 16.000MHz~26.000MHz TX-Q 合规 3.2 X 2.5陶瓷 4垫SMD  CMOS 1.8V，2.5V  2.8V，3.0V，3.3V 4.000MHz~54.000MHz TFC5 合规 5.0 X 3.2陶瓷 4垫SMD CMOS  削波正弦波 3.3V，5.0V 10.000MHz~40.000MHz TX-J 合规 5.0 X 3.2陶瓷 4垫SMD CMOS  削波正弦波 3.3V，5.0V 10.000MHz~40.000MHz TE-J 合规 5.0 X 3.2 Epoxy  4 Pad SMD CMOS  削波正弦波 1.8V，2.5V，3.3V 13.000MHz~52.000MHz TX-T 合规 5.0 X 3.2陶瓷 4垫SMD CMOS  削波正弦波 1.8V，2.5V，2.8V  3.0V，3.3V，5.0V 4.000MHz~54.000MHz TFC 合规 7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 SMD CMOS  削波正弦波 3.3V，5.0V 5.000MHz~40.000MHz TE-S 合规 7.0 X 5.0 Epoxy  4 Pad SMD CMOS  削波正弦波 1.8V，2.5V，3.3V 10.000MHz~40.000MHz TXCS 合规 7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 SMD LVCMOS 截断正弦波 3.3V 10.000MHz~16.376MHz TX-K 合规 7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 4垫SMD CMOS  削波正弦波 2.5V，3.3V 5.000MHz~52.000MHz TX-P 合规 7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 4垫SMD CMOS  削波正弦波 3.3V，5.0V 5.000MHz~40.000MHz TX-S 合规 7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 SMD CMOS  削波正弦波 3.3V，5.0V 5.000MHz~50.000MHz TX-SB 合规 7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 SMD 截断正弦波 3.3V，5.0V 10.000MHz~27.000MHz TX-R 合规 7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 4垫SMD CMOS 3.3V，5.0V 1.250MHz~156.250MHz TX-V 合规 7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 SMD CMOS  削波正弦波 3.3V，5.0V 5.000MHz~40.000MHz TX-A 合规 14针DIP通孔 4.5mm高度 CMOS / TTL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1kHz~800.000MHz TX-AL 合规 14针DIP通孔 4.5mm高度 LVDS  LVPECL 3.3V，5.0V 750kHz~800.000MHz TX-B 合规 14针DIP通孔 8.5mm高度 CMOS / TTL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1kHz~800.000MHz TX-BL 合规 14针DIP通孔 8.5mm高度 LVDS  LVPECL 3.3V，5.0V 750kHz~800.000MHz TX-C 合规 20.0 X 20.0  DIP通孔 CMOS / TTL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1kHz~800.000MHz TX-d 合规 14.3 X 8.7 FR4 PCB  4焊盘SMD CMOS / TTL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1kHz~800.000MHz TX-D6 合规 14.3 X 8.7 FR4 PCB  6焊盘SMD CMOS / TTL  LVDS / LVPECL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1kHz~800.000MHz TX-E 合规 18.3 X 11.7 PCB SMD CMOS / TTL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1kHz~800.000MHz TX-EL 合规 18.3 X 11.7 PCB SMD LVDS  LVPECL 3.3V，5.0V 750kHz~800.000MHz TX-F4 合规 11.4 X 9.8 PCB  4焊盘SMD CMOS / TTL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1kHz~800.000MHz TX-F6 合规 11.4 X 9.8 PCB  6焊盘SMD CMOS / TTL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1kHz~800.000MHz VTXLN 合规 11.4 X 9.6 PCB  4焊盘SMD  -150dBC / Hz @ 1kHz HCMOS 3.3V，5.0V 10.000MHz~20.000MHz TX-G 合规 11.4 X 11.6 PCB  鸥翼式SMD CMOS / TTL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1.250MHz~50.000MHz TX-H 合规 14针DIP  密封 通孔 CMOS / TTL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1kHz~800.000MHz TFL 合规 14针DIP  密封 通孔 LVDS  LVPECL 3.3V，5.0V 750kHz~800.000MHz THH 合规 8针DIP  密封 通孔 CMOS / TTL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1kHz~800.000MHz THL 合规 8针DIP  密封 通孔 LVDS  LVPECL 3.3V，5.0V 750kHz~800.000MHz

The company is Transko crystal in California, USA. Since its establishment in 1992, the company has been committed to the development and production of high-precision TCXO temperature-compensated crystal oscillators. Since 1993, it has opened a manufacturing plant in Laguna Hills, California, USA, and introduced high-end production equipment. After four years, it began to officially produce TCXO. Temperature-compensated crystal oscillators and VCXO voltage-controlled crystal oscillators. In this year, Transko Tranco Crystal has achieved a very large growth breakthrough.

恒温晶体振荡器OCXO( Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator),是目前频率稳定度和精确度最高的晶体振荡器。它在老化率、温度稳定性、长期稳定度和短期稳定度等方面的性能都非常好,作为精密的时频信号源被广泛用于全球定位系统通信、计量、频谱及网络分析仪等电子仪器中。目前,绝大多数高稳定度晶体振荡器都采用了将晶体恒温的方法,使用精密的恒温控制槽,将槽内温度调节到晶体谐振器的零温度系数点上。这样,能最大限度地克服温度对晶体振荡器频率的影响,被广泛用作标准频率源。恒温晶体振荡器包括以下几个基本组成部分。

The constant temperature crystal oscillator OCXO (Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator) is the crystal oscillator with the highest frequency stability and accuracy. It has good performance in aging, temperature stability, long-term stability and short-term stability. As a precise time frequency signal source, it is widely used in electronic instruments such as global positioning system communication, measurement, spectrum and network analyzer. At present, most high stability crystal oscillators adopt the method of crystal constant temperature, and use the precise constant temperature control slot to adjust the temperature in the slot to the zero temperature coefficient point of the crystal resonator. In this way, the effect of temperature on the crystal oscillator frequency can be maximally overcome, and is widely used as a standard frequency source. The constant temperature crystal oscillator includes the following basic components.

1.High precision quartz crystal resonator

1.高精度的石英晶体谐振器

Quartz crystal resonator is the core component of oscillator circuit. The correct choice of tangential angle is a necessary condition for making quartz resonators with good frequency and temperature coefficient, especially the quartz resonator used in a wide temperature range. At present, there are two kinds of quartz resonators used in constant temperature crystal oscillator, AT and SC. They have the characteristics of small frequency temperature coefficient, high Q value and low aging effect.

石英晶体谐振器是振荡电路的核心元件。正确选择切角是制作频率温度系数好的石英谐振器的必要条件,特别是在宽温度范围内使用的石英谐振器更是如此。目前恒温晶体振荡器中常用的石英谐振器有AT切和SC切两种。它们具有频率温度系数小,Q值高,老化效应小等特点。

2. stable oscillating circuit

2.稳定的振荡电路

As the constant temperature crystal oscillator requires high frequency stability, the stability of the oscillating circuit itself is also decisive in addition to a certain temperature control precision in the temperature control circuit. The basic function of the oscillating circuit in a thermostatic crystal oscillator is to convert the DC energy into an alternating current with a certain frequency, amplitude and high stability. This conversion is carried out with the participation of quartz resonators. The most prominent problem is the stability of frequency. Therefore, the analysis and design of oscillatory circuits take this as the premise.

由于恒温晶体振荡器要求频率稳定度高,除了在控温电路方面要达到一定的控温精度外,振荡电路本身稳定性也是起决定性作用的。恒温晶体振荡器中振荡电路的基本功能就是把直流电能转变成具有一定频率、幅度且频率高度稳定的交流电能,这种转换是在石英晶体谐振器的参与下进行的。其中最突出的问题就是频率的稳定性。所以分析、设计振荡电路都以此为前提。

3. precision thermostat box with perfect structure and good temperature control

3.结构完善、温控良好的精密恒温箱

The precision thermostat is a constant temperature system composed of thermostat, temperature control circuit and other auxiliary devices. In a crystal oscillator, the quartz resonator and the relevant circuit elements are kept at constant temperature. The function of the quartz resonator is to stabilize the temperature of the quartz resonator at the turning point temperature of the quartz resonator, so as to give full play to the small frequency temperature coefficient of the quartz resonator near the turning point temperature, so that it can be used reasonably. The design of a constant temperature slot which meets the requirements and the selection of a good temperature control circuit plays an important role in stabilizing the frequency. Therefore, a high stable crystal oscillator, not only should have stable oscillating circuit, but also must have a good performance thermostat to ensure the stability of the frequency, both are indispensable. With the gradual improvement of the stability requirements of the crystal oscillator, the demand for temperature control precision of the thermostat is getting higher and higher. At present, the temperature control accuracy of the constant temperature box should be within 0.001 centigrade at the frequency stability of the crystal oscillator at the order of 100~10.
With the continuous improvement of communication technology, the demand for constant temperature crystal vibration is becoming more and more high, making it constantly towards high precision and high stability, low noise and high frequency, low power, fast start, miniaturization.

精密恒温箱是由恒温槽,温度控制电路及其它辅助装置组成的恒温系统。在晶体振荡器中,用来使石英谐振器和有关电路元件保持恒温。其作用是把石英晶体谐振器的温度稳定在石英谐振器的拐点温度处,从而充分发挥拐点温度附近石英谐振器的频率温度系数小的特性,使其得到合理使用。设计一个符合要求的恒温槽和选择一个性能良好的温度控制电路对稳定频率起着举足轻重的作用。因此一个高稳定的晶体振荡器,不但应具有稳定的振荡电路,而且还必须有性能良好的恒温箱来保证其频率的稳定,两者缺一不可。随着对晶体振荡器稳定度要求的逐步提高,对恒温箱的控温精度要求也越来越高,目前,频率稳定度在100~10量级的晶体振荡器,其恒温箱的温度控制精度应在0.001℃以内。

随着通信技术的不断提高,对恒温晶振的要求越来越高,使其不断向着高精度与高稳定化,低噪声与高频化、低功耗、快启动、小型化方向发展。

具有传统结构的小型化晶体芯片（左图）减小了电极的面积（以红色表示）。
用H形槽结构制造芯片提供了更大的电极面积并提高了电解效率。这种设计使小型化晶体的CI值与普通晶体的CI值一样低（右图）。

Miniaturizing crystal chips with a conventional structure (left image) reduces the area of the electrodes (indicated in red). 
Fabricating the chips with an H-groove structure provides a larger electrode area and raises electrolytic efficiency. This design enables miniaturized crystal with CI values as low as those on ordinary-sized crystals (right image).

然而，使用QMEMS技术制造的晶体的CI值保持不变，与常规晶体的水平相当，即使晶体尺寸减小。

The CI value of a crystal fabricated using QMEMS technology, however, remains constant, at a level equivalent to that of conventional crystals, even as crystal size decreases.

HFF晶体单元/ HFF晶体振荡器（高频基波）

TranskoCrystal晶振公司是一家位于加利福尼亚洲内阿纳海姆的频率元器件制造公司.主要以振荡器模块为主要生产目标.从最初的石英晶体谐振器制作到引进高端TCXO晶振及VCXO晶振的生产设备.1993年在美国的加利福尼亚州拉古纳山开设制造工厂.以下是Transko晶振石英晶体系列型号说明.

图片	型号	符合RoHS	规格封装	频率偏差	频率
	CS12	合规	1.2 X 1.0陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	±7ppm /±10ppm	36.000MHz~80.000MHz
	CS1610	合规	1.6 X 1.0陶瓷 2 PAD SMD	±20ppm	32.768kHz
	CS16	合规	1.6 X 1.25陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±5ppm	24.000MHz~60.000MHz
	CS2012	合规	2.0 X 1.2陶瓷 2 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±20ppm /±50ppm	32.768kHz
	CS21	合规	2.0 X 1.6陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±5ppm	16.000MHz~60.000MHz
	CS22	合规	2.5 X 2.0陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±5ppm	12.000MHz~80.000MHz
	CS31	合规	3.2 X 1.5陶瓷 2 PAD SMD	±10ppm	32.768kHz
	CS32	合规	3.2 X 2.5陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±5ppm	10.000MHz~156.250MHz
	CS32H	合规	3.2 X 2.5陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±20ppm	20.000MHz~300.000MHz
	CS41	合规	4.1 X 1.5陶瓷 2 PAD SMD	±10ppm	32.768kHz
	CS42	合规	4.0 X 2.5陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±10ppm	12.000MHz~50.000MHz
	CS52	合规	4.9 X 1.8陶瓷 2 PAD SMD	±10ppm	32.768kHz
	CS53A	合规	5.0 X 3.2陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±5ppm	7.3728MHz~270.000MHz
	CS53B	合规	5.0 X 3.2陶瓷 2 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±10ppm	7.3728MHz~156.250MHz
	CS63A	合规	6.0 X 3.5陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±5ppm	7.000MHz~200.000MHz
	CS63B	合规	6.0 X 3.5陶瓷 2 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±10ppm	7.000MHz~200.000MHz
	CS63C	合规	6.0 X 3.5陶瓷 2 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±10ppm	7.000MHz~200.000MHz
	CS71	合规	7.0 X 1.5塑料 4 PAD SMD	±20ppm	32.768kHz
	CS75	合规	7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±10ppm	6.000MHz~160.000MHz
	CS83	合规	8.0 X 3.7塑料 4 PAD SMD	±20ppm	32.768kHz
	CS84	合规	8.0 X 4.5陶瓷 2 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±10ppm	8.000MHz~80.000MHz
	TS-SMD	合规	12.5 X 4.6塑料 4 PAD SMD	±15ppm /±20ppm	3.579MHz~70.000MHz
	SMTF	合规	5.2 X 1.4 SMD贴片晶振	±20ppm	30.000kHz~200.000kHz
	HC49 / SMD	合规	薄型 模压SMD基座  2 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±20ppm	3.000MHz~150.000MHz
	UM / SMD	合规	薄型 模压SMD基座 2 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±20ppm	4.000MHz~40.000MHz
	HC49 / SMD4	合规	薄型 模压SMD基座 4 PAD SMD	±5ppm /±10ppm	3.500MHz~100.000MHz
	HC49 / S	合规	薄型 2针通孔	±10ppm /±10ppm	3.000MHz~150.000MHz
	HC49 / U	合规	2针通孔	±5ppm /±5ppm	1.800MHz~176.000MHz
	UM-1	合规	2针通孔 微型	±5ppm /±5ppm	4.000MHz~200.000MHz
	1 X 5	合规	1.5 X 5.1 圆柱音叉	±20ppm	32.768kHz
	2 X 6	合规	2.0 X 6.3 圆柱音叉	±20ppm	32.768kHz（STD） （30kHz~360kHz可用）
	2 X 6SMD	合规	2.0 X 6.3圆柱形 SMD	±20ppm	30kHz~360kHz
	3 X 8	合规	3.1 X 8.3 圆柱音叉	±20ppm	32.768kHz（STD） （30kHz~360kHz可用）
	3 X 9	合规	3.1 X 9.3 圆柱音叉	±15ppm /±20ppm	4.000MHz~50.000MHz

TranskoCrystal is a frequency component manufacturing company located in Anaheim, California. It mainly uses oscillator modules as the main production target. From the initial production of quartz crystal resonators to the introduction of high-end TCXO crystal and VCXOCRYSTAL oscillator production equipment. In 1993, we opened a manufacturing plant in Laguna Hills, California, USA. The following is a description of the Transko crystal quartz crystal series.

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Fre-techCrystal晶振公司利用其高精密的设计和制造能力成为全球领先的晶体控制振荡器,晶体振荡器和声表面滤波器的供应商,为那些为全球太空行业提供原始设备制造商提供服务。典型的应用包括深空探测，商业和国防卫星和地面基地ICBM筒仓。此外，Fre-tech是高精密和空间级频率控制产品的全球领先供应商，其历史可追溯至1961年的军事和航天计划。Fre-tech的Hi-Rel制造工厂为世界领先的商业和军事生产商卫星通过其经验丰富的员工和世界一流的制造工厂。

系列	图片	外形尺寸	输出逻辑	电源电压	频率范围	特征	产品规格
M55310 / 26		20x13mm	HCMOS	5.0V	10KHz至65MHz	高冲击和抗振动性;
M55310 / 26		20x13mm	HCMOS	5.0V	10KHz至65MHz	高冲击和抗振动性;
M55310 / 27		9x14mm	HCMOS	5.0V	1MHz至85MHz	高冲击和抗振动性;
M55310 / 30		9x14mm	HCMOS	3.3V	0.45MHz至85MHz	高冲击和抗振动性;
M55310 / 33		7x9mm	HCMOS	5.0V	0.5MHz至85MHz	高冲击和抗振动性;
M55310 / 34		7x9mm	HCMOS	3.3V	0.5MHz至85MHz	高冲击和抗振动性;
M55310 / 35		7x9mm	HCMOS	2.5V	1MHz至100MHz	高冲击和抗振动性;
M55310 / 36		7x9mm	HCMOS	1.8V	1MHz至100MHz	高冲击和抗振动性;
M55310 / 37		7x9mm	HCMOS	5.0V	0.5MHz至85MHz	高冲击和抗振动性;
M55310 / 38		7x9mm	HCMOS	3.3V	0.5MHz至85MHz	高冲击和抗振动性;
M55310 / 39		7x9mm	HCMOS	2.5V	1MHz至100MHz	高冲击和抗振动性;
M55310 / 40		7x9mm	HCMOS	1.8V	1MHz至100MHz	高冲击和抗振动性;

Fre-tech uses its precision design and manufacturing capabilities to be the world's leading supplier of crystal controlled oscillators, crystal units and SAW filters to those OEM's servicing the world wide space industries. Typical applications include Deep Space Exploration, Commercial & Defense Satellites and Ground Base ICBM Silos. In addition, Fre-tech is the world's leading supplier of precision and space grade frequency control products, with heritage on both military and space programs dating back to 1961. Fre-tech's Hi–Rel manufacturing facility  supplies the worlds leading producers of commercial and military satellites through its experienced staff and world class manufacturing plant.

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Frequency晶振公司简介

插件石英晶振中不容忽视的漏点是，对于晶振有过相应的了解的人，理应清楚圆柱形石英晶振里边的晶片很小，焊接和封口处理不好容易漏液，或者轻轻摔一下就会使圆柱晶振里边的晶片摔碎或者焊接部位出现松动甚至脱落，这样装上产品以后就直接会出现画面不稳定，甚至会导致晶振不起振的现象。

DMX-26S晶振就是一种高精度的晶振，32.768KHZ的标频使 它在智能电表，汽车电子行业，电源管理，消费电子，金融微电子，医疗电子设备，通信终端和网络设备，工业控制系统等行业得以广泛被应用。正是 DMX-26S晶振稳定性好，体积小，有优良的耐热性，耐冲击性，耐环境性才在电子行业有着很高的地位.

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