日ace="宋体">本村田新研发出一款MEMSace="宋体">谐振器，尺寸仅有ace="Arial">0.9*0.6*0.3mmace="宋体">。实现了现石英晶体谐振器达不到超小尺寸，并且低ace="Arial">ESRace="宋体">特性的产品。MEMSace="宋体">谐振器的诞生可代替许多石英晶体谐振器。有很多人就想问了什么是ace="Arial">MEMSace="宋体">谐振器？它跟振荡器有什么区别？ace="Arial">MEMSace="宋体">谐振器有哪些特点？工作原理有哪些？使用都需要注意一些什么问题？等等一大串的问题就随之而来了。

那么我们将一一把问题给大家回复。

ace="宋体"> 首先，大家肯定是会对日本村田陶瓷晶振制作所研发出的产品有些疑问，什么是MEMSace="宋体">呢？其实ace="Arial">MEMSace="宋体">指的是微机电系统（ace="Arial">Micro Mlectro Mechanical Systems),ace="宋体">这种装置运用了半导体生产工艺技术，具有三维微细结构。除了面对ace="Arial">MEMSace="宋体">谐振器还有一种是振荡器，ace="Arial">MEMSace="宋体">振荡器跟其它普通石英晶体振荡器是一样的，将振荡用电路也谐振器融为一体的装置。可用科尔皮兹振荡电路之类的普通振荡电路驱动。

WMRAG32K76CS1C00R0谐振器是村田MEMSace="宋体">技术的代表作品。该产品具有体极柢的ace="Calibri">ESRace="宋体">特性以及极小尺寸封装，这个是目前石英晶体谐振器无法实现的突破。极小的尺寸有助于减小安装面积，通过优化ace="Calibri">ICace="宋体">增益，实现了低ace="Calibri">ESRace="宋体">的ace="Calibri">MEMSace="宋体">谐振器，降低了功耗。也可用于回流焊接，引线键合和传递模型。WMRAG32K76CS1C00R0谐振器具有晶体该有的特性，32.768KHZace="宋体">标频以及ace="Calibri">20PPMace="宋体">标准稳定偏差。可在ace="Calibri">-30~+85ace="宋体">度下正常工作。驱动电平在ace="Calibri">0.2ace="宋体">μace="Calibri">Wace="宋体">以内。当您考虑置换晶体的时候，要注意晶体谐振器和ace="Calibri">MEMSace="宋体">谐振器的负载电容量值不同。

ace="宋体">并且要知道MEMSace="宋体">谐振器与普通石英晶体谐振器的区别。

1. Introduction 

When ordering crystals for oscillators that are to operate at a frequency f, e.g. 32.768 kHz or 20 MHz, it is usually not sufficient to specify the frequency of operation alone. While the crystals will oscillate at a frequency near their series resonant frequency, the actual frequency of oscillation is usually slightly different from this frequency (being slightly higher in “parallel resonant circuits”).1 

So, suppose you have a crystal oscillator circuit and you want to purchase crystals such that when placed in this circuit the oscillation frequency is f. What do you need to tell the crystal manufacturer to accomplish this? Do you need to send a schematic of the oscillator design with all the associated details of its design, e.g. choice of capacitors, resistors, active elements, and strays associated with the layout? Fortunately, the answer is no. In addition to the frequency f, all that is needed is a single number, the load capacitance CL . 

2. What is CL ? 

Suppose your crystal oscillator operates at the desired frequency f. At that frequency, the crystal has complex impedance Z, and for the purposes of frequency of operation, this is the only property of the crystal that matters. Therefore, to make your oscillator operate at the frequency f, you need crystals that have impedance Z at the frequency f. So, at worst, all you need to specify is a single complex number Z = R+jX. In fact, it is even simpler than this. 

While in principal one should specify the crystal resistance R at the frequency f, usually the crystal-to- crystal variation in R and the oscillator’s sensitivity to this variation are sufficiently low that a specification of R is not necessary. This is not to say that the crystal resistance has no effect; it does. We shall discuss this further in Section 4. 

So, that leaves a single value to specify: The crystal reactance X at f. So, one could specify a crystal having a reactance of 400 ? at 20 MHz. Instead,however, this is normally done by specifying a capacitance C L and equating.

where we have set ω = 2πf. Physically, at this frequency, the impedance of the series combination of the crystal and a capacitance C L has zero phase (equivalently, has zero reactance or is purely resistive). See Figure 1. To see this, consider

where the second step follows by Equation (1) and the fact that the reactance of a capacitance C is -1/( ωC).

Figure 1—This series combination has zero-phase impedance at a frequency where the crystal has load capacitance CL

So, the task of assuring proper oscillation frequency is the task of providing components (crystals in this case) that, at the specified frequency, have the required reactance, which is stated in terms of a capacitance CL by Equation (1).2 For example, instead of specifying crystals having a reactance of 400 ? at 20 MHz, we specify crystals having a load capacitance of 20 pF at 20 MHz, or more normally, we specify that the crystal frequency be 20 MHz at a load capacitance of 20 pF. 

In “parallel resonant circuits,” CL is positive, typically being between 5 pF and 40 pF. In this case the crystal operates in that narrow frequency band between the crystal’s series and parallel resonant frequencies (F s and F p , respectively).

While a truly “series resonant circuit” does not have a load capacitance associated with it [or perhaps an infinite value by Equation (1)], most “series resonant circuits” actually operate slightly off of the series resonant frequency and therefore do have a finite load capacitance (that can be positive or negative).However, if this offset is small and specifying a load capacitance is not desired, it can either be ignored or handled by a slight offset in the specified frequency f.

As we shall see in Section 4, both the oscillator and the crystal determine C L . However, the crystal’s role is rather weak in that in the limit of zero resistance,the crystal plays no role at all in determining C L . In this limiting case, it makes sense to refer to C L as the oscillator load capacitance as it is determined entirely by the oscillator. However, when it comes time to order crystals, one specifies crystals having frequency f at a load capacitance C L , i.e. it is a condition on the crystal’s frequency. Because of this,it would be reasonable to refer to C L as the crystal load capacitance. For the sake of argument, we simply avoid the issue and use the term loadcapacitance.

注释：1> When ordering crystals for series resonant operation,instead of specifying a value for C L , be sure to state that the frequency f refers to the series-resonant frequency, F s .

2> This is not to say that all aspects of frequency determination are tied to this single number. For example,other aspects of the crystal and oscillator determine whether the correct mode of oscillation is selected and the system’s frequency stability (short and long term).

3. Defining F L at C L

We now take Equation (1) as our defining relation for what we mean by a crystal having a given frequency at a given load capacitance.

Definition: A crystal has frequency F L at a load capacitance C L when the reactance X of the crystal at frequency F L is given by Equation (1), where now ω = 2πF L .

Recall that, around a given mode, the reactance of a crystal increases from negative values, through zero at series resonance, to large positive values near parallel resonance where it rapidly decreases to large negative values, and then again it increases towards zero. (See Reference [1].) By excluding a region around parallel resonance, we have a single frequency for each value of reactance. In this way,we can associate a frequency F L given a value of C L .So, positive values of C L correspond to a frequency between series and parallel resonance. Large negative values of C L , correspond to a frequency below series resonance while smaller negative values correspond to frequencies above parallel resonance.(See Equation (3) below.)

3.1. The crystal frequency equation So, how much does the frequency of oscillation depend on the load capacitance C L ? We can answer this question by determining how the crystal frequency F L depends on the crystal load capacitance CL . One can show that to a very good approximation that

where C 1 and C 0 are the motional and static capacitances of the crystal, respectively. (See Reference [1] for a derivation and discussion of this relation.) For the purposes of this note, we shall refer to Equation (3) as the crystal frequency equation.

This shows the dependence of a crystal oscillator’s operational frequency on its load capacitance and its dependence on the crystal itself. In particular, the fractional frequency change when changing the load capacitance from C L1 to C L2 is given to good approximation by

3.2. Trim sensitivity

Equation (3) gives the dependence of operating frequency F L on the load capacitance C L . The negative fractional rate of change of the frequency with C L is known as the trim sensitivity, TS. Using Equation (3), this is approximately

From this we see that the crystal is more sensitive to given change in C L at lower values of C L .

4. But what determines C L ?

Consider the simple Pierce oscillator consisting of a crystal, an amplifier, and gate and drain capacitors as shown in Figure 2.

There are at least three stray capacitances that must be considered in trying to calculate the load capacitance of the Pierce oscillator circuit.

1.  An added capacitance from the input of the amplifier to ground. Sources for this could be the amplifier itself and trace capacitance to ground. As this capacitance is in parallel with C G , we can simply absorb this into our definition of C G . (That is C G is the capacitance of the capacitor to ground plus any additional capacitance to ground on this side of the amplifier.)

2.  An added capacitance from the output of the amplifier to ground. Sources for this could be the amplifier itself and trace capacitance to ground. As this capacitance is in parallel with C D , we can simply absorb this into our definition of C D . (That is C D is the capacitance of the capacitor to ground plus any additional capacitance to ground on this side of the amplifier.)

3.  A stray capacitance C s shunting the crystal as shown in Figure 2.

Redefining C G and C D as discussed above, it then follows [2] that one of the conditions for oscillation is 

Where

is the impedance of the parallel combination of the crystal and the capacitance C s and R o is the output resistance of the amplifier.

It can be shown that the crystal resistance R as a function of load capacitance C L is given approximately by (provided C L is not too small)

where R 1 is the motional resistance of the crystal [1].It then follows that (provided C L – C s is not too small)

And

With these results, Equation (6) gives the following equation for C L

where R ′ is approximated by Equation (9). Note that the equation for C L is actually a bit more complicated than it might seem at first as R ′ depends upon on C L.It can be seen that C L decreases as R 1 increases, and so by Equation (3), the frequency of operation increases with crystal resistance. So, the load capacitance does have a dependence on the crystal itself. But as we have mentioned previously, the variation in crystal resistance and resulting sensitivity to this variation is usually sufficiently low that the dependence can be ignored. (In this case, a nominal value for crystal resistance is used in calculating C L .)

However, sometimes the resistance effect cannot be ignored. Two crystals tuned so that both have exactly the same frequency at a given load capacitance C L can oscillate at different frequencies in the same oscillator if their resistances differ. This slight difference leads to an increase in the observed system frequency variation above that due to crystal frequency calibration errors and the board-to-board component variation.

Note that in the case of zero crystal resistance (or at least negligible compared to the output resistance Ro of the amplifier), Equation (11) gives

So, in this case, the load capacitance is the stray capacitance shunting the crystal plus the series capacitance of the two capacitances on each side of the crystal to ground.

5. Measuring CL

While in principal one could calculate C L from the circuit design, an easier method is simply to measure C L . This is also more reliable since it does not rely on the oscillator circuit model, takes into account the strays associated the layout (which can be difficult to estimate), and it takes into account the effect of crystal resistance. Here are two methods for measuring C L .

5.1 Method 1

This method requires an impedance analyzer, but does not require knowledge of the crystal parameters and is independent of the crystal model.

1.  Get a crystal that is similar to those that will be ordered, i.e. having similar frequency andresistance.

2.  Place this crystal in the oscillator and measurethe frequency of operation F L . In placing the crystal into the circuit, be careful not to damage it or do anything to cause undue frequency shifts.(If soldered in place, allow it to cool down to room temperature.) A good technique that avoids soldering is simply to press the crystal onto the board’s solder pads using, for example,the eraser end of a pencil and observe the oscillation frequency. Just be careful that the crystal makes full contact with the board. The system can still oscillate at a somewhat higher frequency without the crystal making full contact with the board.

3.  Using an impedance analyzer, measure the reactance X of the crystal at the frequency F L determined in Step 2.

4.  Calculate C L using Equation (1) and the measured values for F L ( ω = 2πF L ) and X at F L .

5.2 Method 2

This method is dependent upon the four-parameter crystal model and requires knowledge of these parameters (through your own measurement or as provided by the crystal manufacturer).

1.  Get a crystal that is similar to those that will be ordered, i.e. having similar frequency and resistance.

2.  Characterize this crystal. In particular measure its series frequency Fs , motional capacitance C1,and static capacitance C0.

3.  Place this crystal in the oscillator and measure the frequency of operation F L (as in Method 1,Step 2.)

4.  Calculate C L using Equation (3) and the measured values for F L , F s , C 1 , and C 0 .

It is recommended that either procedure be followed with at least 3 crystals. When done properly, this technique often gives values for C L that are consistent to about 0.1 pF. Further confidence in the final results can be found by repeating the procedure for a number of boards to estimate the board-to-board variation of C L .

Note that in the above, F L does not have to be precisely the desired oscillation frequency f. That is, the calculated value for C L is not a strong function of the oscillation frequency since normally only the crystal is strongly frequency dependent. If, for some reason, the oscillator does have strong frequency dependent elements, then using this procedure would be quite difficult.

6. Do I really need to specify a value for CL ?

There are at least three cases where a specification of C L is not necessary:

1.  You intend to operate the crystals at their series-resonant frequency.

2.  You can tolerate large errors in frequency (on theorder of 0.1% or more).

3.  The load capacitance of your circuit is sufficiently near the standard value (see crystal data sheet) that the frequency difference is tolerable. This difference can be calculated with Equation (4).

If your application does not meet one of the three conditions above, you should strongly consider estimating the load capacitance of your oscillator and use this value in specifying your crystals.

What is Tri-State Function?

トライステート関数とは

1. In oscillator with Tri-state function, oscillator output can be controlled by the Tri-state pin as follows:
Logic High : Output Enable
Logic Low :Output Disable

トライステート機能付きオシレータでは、次のようにトライステートピンでオシレータ出力を制御できます。
ロジックハイ：出力イネーブル
ロジックロー：出力ディセーブル
2. The Tri-state function would allow output pin to assume high-impedance state, effectively removing the oscillator output from the circuit.

トライステート機能により、出力ピンをハイインピーダンス状態にすることができ、回路から発振器の出力を効果的に取り除くことができます。

3. Oscillator circuits can remain on or be turned off while output is disabled in Tri-State.

出力がトライステートでディスエーブルされている間、発振回路はオンのままにするかオフにすることができます。

Oscillator Operating Mode in Tri-state:Oscillator Circuits Off

トライステートの発振器動作モード：発振器回路オフ

•Advantage :Lower standby current

•利点：スタンバイ電流が低い

•Drawback :Longer startup time:( Fundamental mode > 0.2mS),( 3rd Overtone mode > 2mS)

•欠点：起動時間が長くなります:(基本モード> 0.2ミリ秒）、（3倍音モード> 2ミリ秒）

Oscillator Operating Mode in Tri-state:Oscillator Circuits On

トライステートのオシレータ動作モード：オシレータ回路オン

•Advantage:Shorter output enable time(< 0.1mS)

利点：短い出力イネーブル時間（<0.1mS）

•Drawback:Higher standby current

欠点：高いスタンバイ電流

Standby Current Comparison between Different Oscillator Operating Mode

異なる発振器動作モード間の待機電流の比較

•Only PX/PY series have oscillator on/off option when output is disabled.

出力が無効の場合、PX / PYシリーズのみオシレータのオン/オフオプションがあります。

•All other oscillator series have oscillator turned off in Tri-state.

他のすべての発振器シリーズは、トライステートで発振器がオフになっています。

How to Disable Tri-State Function

トライステート機能を無効にする方法

•If Tri-state function is no needed, the Tri-state pin shall be connected to the Vcc pin or left floating.

トライステート機能が不要な場合は、トライステートピンをVccピンに接続するか、フローティングのままにします。

There is a internal pull- up resistor which would enable output if Tri-state pin is left floating.

トライステートピンをフローティングのままにしておくと、出力をイネーブルする内部プルアップ抵抗があります。

•TAITIEN recommends connecting Tri-State pin to VCC if Tri-state function is not needed.

トライステート機能が不要な場合は、トライステート端子をVCCに接続することをお勧めします。

FOX CRYSTAL晶振公司成立于1979年，美国福克斯晶振电子有限公司总部位于美国的佛罗里达州的迈尔斯堡。福克斯电子公司的成立使得该公司成为美国领先的高精度，高可靠性的频率元器件制造供应商。按当时的情况来看，FOX晶振公司还是处于一个小型的家族式石英晶体和振荡器的供应商。

美国FOX晶振公司在过去的32年中持续增长，其中一个重要因素离不开其研发部门。福克斯晶振的工程师开发出了几百种产品，而且这些产品为晶体和振荡器的性能，精度以及可靠性带来了认可的新标准。并可以不断的增长业务的需求，缩短了交付晶体的周期。

FOX CRYSTAL Crystal Company was founded in 1979, and Fox Crystal Electronics Co., Ltd. is headquartered in Fort Myers, Florida, USA. The establishment of Fox Electronics has made the company a leading supplier of high-precision, high-reliability frequency components in the United States. According to the situation at the time, FOX Crystal is still a supplier of small family quartz crystals and oscillators.

The US FOX Crystal Company has continued to grow over the past 32 years, and one of the important factors is inseparable from its R&D department. Engineers at Fox Crystal have developed hundreds of products that bring new standards of acceptance for the performance, accuracy and reliability of crystals and oscillators. And can continue to grow business needs, shortening the cycle of delivering crystals.

关于HOSONIC鸿星晶振公司可能挺多人也知道，HOSONIC CRYSTAL鸿星晶振股份有限公司成立于1979年在台湾设立登记成立公司，登记的资本为新台币200万元。公司成立之后便于台湾投入石英晶体研发制造.1994年新增资本3400万元，开始大力研发生产石英晶体振荡器，石英晶振，贴片晶振，压控振荡器的研发生产。

About HOSONIC CRYSTAL Company may know that HOSONIC CRYSTAL was established in 1979 to establish a registered company in Taiwan with a registered capital of NT$2 million. After the establishment of the company, it is convenient for Taiwan to invest in the research and development of quartz crystal. In 1994, the company added 34 million yuan of capital, and began to vigorously research and develop the production and production of quartz crystal oscillator, quartz crystal oscillator, patch crystal oscillator and voltage controlled oscillator.

台湾NSK晶振公司不仅生产石英晶振,石英晶体谐振器,晶体振荡器,温补晶振,压控晶体,还生产陶瓷谐振器(Ceramic Resonator),陶瓷滤波器(Ceramic Filter),ZTA陶瓷晶振,ZTT陶瓷晶振,3.58M,6M,4M,8M,16M,24M,27M频率均有现货供应.ZTA晶振可从低频1M到50MHZ,主要应用于电视遥控器,风扇遥控器,USB,鼠标等产品.

NSK Ceramic Resonator

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NRA ZTA/ MG, MT, MX	DIP	1.8 MHz to 50.0 MHz	10.0*5.0*10.0

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NRE ZTTCV MT, MX	SMD	8.0 to 50 MHz	3.7*3.1*1.2

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NRE ZTTCS MT, MX	SMD	7.0 to 50 MHz	4.7*4.1*1.6

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NRE ZTTCC MG	SMD	2 to 6.99 MHz	7.4*3.4*1.8

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NRD ZTACV MT, MX	SMD	8.0 to 50 MHz	3.7*3.1*1.2

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NRD ZTACS MT, MX	SMD	7.0 to 50 MHz	4.7*4.1*1.6

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NRD ZTACC MG	SMD	2.0 to 6.99 MHz	7.4*3.4*1.8

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NRT ZTT/ MG, MT, MX	DIP	1.8 MHz to 50 MHz	10.0*5.0*10.0

NSK Ceramic Filter

陶瓷滤波器LT4.5MB,LT5.5MB,LT6.5MB可以免提提供样品测试,陶瓷滤波器主要应用于TV/VCR产品等.L10.7M陶瓷滤波器均可在线供应.

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NRF LT4.5MB	DIP	4.43MHz to 6.5MHz	5*3.2

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NRF LTCA/CV	SMD	10.7MHz	6.9*2.9*1.5

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NRF JT4.5MD	DIP	4.5MHz to 6.5MHz	9.0*5.0*10.0

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NRF JT4.5MC	DIP	4.5MHz to 6.5MHz	9.0*5.0*10.0

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">

NRF JT10.7M

SMD

10.7MHz

9.0*5.0*7.0

Taiwan NSK Crystal Co., Ltd. not only produces quartz crystal oscillator, quartz crystal resonator, crystal oscillator, temperature-compensated crystal oscillator, voltage-controlled crystal, but also ceramic resonator (Ceramic Resonator), ceramic filter (Ceramic Filter), ZTA ceramic crystal, ZTT ceramic. Crystal oscillator, 3.58M, 6M, 4M, 8M, 16M, 24M, 27M frequency are available from stock. ZTA crystal oscillator can be used from low frequency 1M to 50MHZ, mainly used in TV remote control, fan remote control, USB, mouse and other products.

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NAOD 75	CMOS	1.0 to 125.0 MHz	7*5*1.6

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NAOH 53	CMOS	1.0 to 125.0 MHz	5*3.2*1.3

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NAOK 32	CMOS	2.0 to 54.0 MHz	3.2*2.5*1.2

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NAOL 22	CMOS	2.0 to 50 MHz	2*2.5*0.95

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NADD 75	LVDS	77.76 MHz ~ 622.08 MHz	7*5*1.9

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NAPD 75	LVPECL	75 MHz ~ 622.08 MHz	7*5*1.9

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NAVD-6	CMOS	1.0 MHz to 52.0 MHz	7*5*1.8

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">

NAVH-6

CMOS

12MHz ~ 35.328MHz

5*3.2*1.5

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NAOD 75	CMOS	32.768 KHz	7*5*1.6

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NAOH 53	CMOS	32.768 KHz	5*3.2*1.5

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder">	NAOK 32	CMOS	32.768 KHz	3.2*2.5*1.2

ace="Microsoft YaHei">

acing="0" class="ke-zeroborder" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; font-size: inherit;">

NAON 21

CMOS

2.0 to 50 MHz

2.05*1.65*0.75

TXC晶振有分好多種類型,溫補晶體振蕩器,壓控振蕩器,恒溫晶體振蕩器OCXO振蕩器.以下泰河電子為大家整理提供已分好類別的TXC溫補振蕩器及VCXO振蕩器選型表,以供大家選型參考使用.雖然TXC晶振的型號眾多,但是並不會難記.

TXC压控振荡器VCXO系列 - CMOS
	Model	Frequency	Stability (-40~85ºC)	Voltage	Output	Oscillation	Dimensions
	6U	1 ~ 59MHz	±50ppm	3.3V, 5V	CMOS	Fundamental	7 x 5 x 1.3mm
	BR	60 ~ 200MHz	±50ppm	3.3V	CMOS	Fundamental	7 x 5 x 1.3mm
	CR	50 ~ 200MHz	±50ppm	3.3V	CMOS	Fundamental	5 x 3.2 x 1.2mm

acing:="" -1.5px;"="">TXC压控振荡器VCXO系列 - 差分晶振 一般来说单相输出称之为晶体振荡器,并以正弦波或者CMOS波型(矩型波)输出为主要代表. 剪切的正弦波输出具有类似圆角矩形的波形,并常用于RF电路,因为它抑制了不必要的谐波.TCXO(温度补偿晶体振荡器)被称为削波正弦波输出的产物.由于CMOS波输出是对应于数字信号处理的逻辑电子的信号输出,所以有利于数字信号的传送,并用于时钟,如CPU等.
	Model	Frequency	Stability (-40~85ºC)	Voltage	Output	Oscillation	Dimensions
	BJ	60 ~ 200MHz	±50ppm	3.3V	LVPECL	Fundamental	7 x 5 x 1.3mm
	BK	60 ~ 700MHz	±50ppm	3.3V	LVPECL	PLL	7 x 5 x 1.3mm
	BN	60 ~ 200MHz	±50ppm	3.3V	LVDS	Fundamental	7 x 5 x 1.3mm
	BP	60 ~ 700MHz	±50ppm	3.3V	LVDS	PLL	7 x 5 x 1.3mm
	CJ	60 ~ 200MHz	±50ppm	3.3V	LVPECL	Fundamental	5 x 3.2 x 1.2mm
	CN	50 ~ 200MHz	±50ppm	3.3V	LVDS	Fundamental	5 x 3.2 x 1.2mm

acing:="" -1.5px;"="">TXC温补振荡器TCXO系列 - Basic 什么是温补晶振。来自温度传感器的输出信号用于通过补偿网络产生校正电压。 校正电压施加到VCXO中的变容二极管。 电容变化可以补偿晶体的频率与温度特性.
	Model	Frequency	Stability (-30~85ºC)	Operating Temp	Voltage	Output	Dimensions
	7Q	13 ~ 52MHz	±2ppm	-40~+85ºC	2.4V-3.3V	Clipped Sinewave	3.2 x 2.5 x 1mm
	7L	13 ~ 52MHz	±2ppm	-40~+85ºC	1.8V-3.3V	Clipped Sinewave	2.5 x 2 x 0.8mm
	7Z	26 ~ 52MHz	±2ppm	-40~+85ºC	1.8V-3.3V	Clipped Sinewave	2.0 x 1.6 x 0.8mm
	8P	26 ~ 52MHz	±2ppm	-40~+85ºC	1.8V-3.3V	Clipped Sinewave	1.6 x 1.2 x 0.6mm

TXC温补振荡器TCXO系列 - GPS专用
	Model	Frequency	Stability (-30~85ºC)	Operating Temp	Voltage	Output	Dimensions
	7Q	13 ~ 52MHz	±0.5ppm	-40~+85ºC	2.4V-3.3V	Clipped Sinewave	3.2 x 2.5 x 1mm
	7L	13 ~ 52MHz	±0.5ppm	-40~+85ºC	1.8V-3.3V	Clipped Sinewave	2.5 x 2 x 0.8mm
	7Z	26 ~ 52MHz	±0.5ppm	-40~+85ºC	1.8V-3.3V	Clipped Sinewave	2.0 x 1.6 x 0.8mm
	8P	26 ~ 52MHz	±0.5ppm	-40~+85ºC	1.8V-3.3V	Clipped Sinewave	1.6 x 1.2 x 0.6mm

TXC温补振荡器TCXO系列 - 高精度振荡器
	Model	Frequency	Stability (-40~85ºC)	Voltage	Output	Dimensions
	7N	10 ~ 52MHz	±0.28ppm	2.7V-5.5V	Clipped Sinewave /CMOS	7 x 5 x 2mm
	7P	10 ~ 52MHz	±0.28ppm	2.7V-5.5V	Clipped Sinewave /CMOS	5 x 3.2 x 1.2mm

ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">TXC恒温晶体振荡器OCXO系列 - CMOS
	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif" style="font-size:14px">Model	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif" style="font-size:14px">Frequency	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif" style="font-size:14px">Stability	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif" style="font-size:14px">Voltage	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif" style="font-size:14px">Output	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif" style="font-size:14px">Dimensions
ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">OC	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">10 ~ 25MHz	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">±5ppb (0~70ºC)	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">5, 12V	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">CMOS	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">36 x 27mm
ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">OB	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">10 ~ 25MHz	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">±10ppb (0~75ºC)	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">3.3, 5V	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">CMOS	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">25 x 25mm
ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">OA	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">10 ~ 40MHz	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">±200ppb (-30~70ºC)	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">3.3, 5V	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">CMOS	ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif">ace="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif" style="font-size:12px">20 x 20mm

希華晶體公司眾所周知的是它是壹家臺灣品牌的晶體頻率元器件制造。關於希華晶體我們知道多壹點的就是SIWARD晶體公司是世界領先的石英晶振與晶體振蕩器的解決方案商之壹。為了滿足全球不斷增長對電信的需求，希華晶體也在做著不同的改變，希華晶體壹直在改進自身的生產技術以及服務質量。臺灣希華晶振公司成立於1988年，對全球的石英晶體，振蕩器以及濾波器的研發，生產與銷售。產品應用於移動通信，平板電腦，GPS定位系統，計算機時鐘等產品。

acing="0" bordercolor="#CCCCCC"> 系列 照片 尺寸 频率范围 STB-2520 2.5 x 2.0 x 0.8 16~52 MHz STB-3225 3.2 x 2.5 x 0.9 8~52 MHz TXO83 5.0 x 3.2 x 1.05 6~45 MHz STO-2520B 2.5 x 2.0 x 0.9 3.2~55 MHz STO-3225B 3.2 x 2.5 x 1.0 2.5~55 MHz STO-5032B 5.0 x 3.2 x 1.05 2.5~55 MHz STO-7050B 7.0 x 5.0 x 1.4 2.5~55 MHz STO-2016A 2.0 x 1.6 x 0.8 16.368~33.6 MHz STO-2520A 2.5 x 2.0 x 0.8 16.368~38.4 MHz STO-3225A 3.2 x 2.5 x 1.0 16.368~27.456 MHz

acing="0" bordercolor="#CCCCCC"> 系列 照片 尺寸 频率范围 STV-2520 2.5 x 2.0 x 0.8 16~52MHz STV-3225 3.2 x 2.5 x 0.9 8~52 MHz VTX83 5.0 x 3.2 x 1.05 6~45 MHz

acing="0" bordercolor="#CCCCCC"> 系列 照片 尺寸 频率范围 SCV-3225 3.2 x 2.5 x 0.9 1.5~54 MHz VCX95 5.0 x 3.2 x 1.1 1.5~61.440 MHz VCX91 7.0 x 5.0 x 1.6 1.5~54 MHz VCX92 7.0 x 5.0 x 1.6 1.5~54 MHz

SIWARD Crystal Company is well known for its manufacture of crystal frequency components under one Taiwan brand. We know that SIWARD Crystal is one of the world's leading quartz oscillator and crystal oscillator solutions. In order to meet the growing global demand for telecommunications, SIWARD Crystal is also making different changes. Sihua Crystal has been improving its production technology and service quality. Taiwan SIWARD CRYSTAL Co., Ltd. was founded in 1988. It develops, produces and sells quartz crystals, oscillators and filters all over the world. Products used in mobile communications, tablet computers, GPS positioning systems, computer clocks and other products.

ECS-.327-12.5-16-TR晶振,ECX-16石英晶振,ECS-.327-12.5-16-C-TR晶振,ECX-16石英晶振,ECS-.327-9-16-TR晶振,ECX-16石英晶振,ECS-.327-9-16-C-TR晶振,ECX-16石英晶振,ECS-.327-7-16-TR晶振,ECX-16石英晶振,ECS-.327-7-16-C-TR晶振,ECX-16石英晶振,ECS-.327-5-16-TR晶振,ECX-16石英晶振,ECS-.327-5-16-C-TR晶振,ECX-16石英晶振,ECS-.327-12.5-12L-TR晶振,ECX-12L石英晶振,ECS-.327-12.5-12L-C-TR晶振,ECX-12L石英晶振,ECS-.327-9-12L-TR晶振,ECX-12L石英晶振,ECS-.327-9-12L-C-TR晶振,ECX-12L石英晶振,ECS-.327-7-12L-TR晶振,ECX-12L石英晶振,ECS-.327-7-12L-C-TR晶振,ECX-12L石英晶振,ECS-.327-6-12L-TR晶振,ECX-12L石英晶振,ECS-.327-6-12L-C-TR晶振,ECX-12L石英晶振,ECS-.327-12.5-12R-TR晶振,ECX-12R石英晶振,ECS-.327-12.5-12R-C-TR晶振,ECX-12R石英晶振,ECS-.327-9-12R-TR晶振,ECX-12R石英晶振,ECS-.327-9-12R-C-TR晶振,ECX-12R石英晶振,ECS-.327-7-12R-TR晶振,ECX-12R石英晶振,ECS-.327-7-12R-C-TR晶振,ECX-12R石英晶振,ECS-.327-6-12R-TR晶振,ECX-12R石英晶振,ECS-.327-6-12R-C-TR晶振,ECX-12R石英晶振,ECS-.327-12.5-34B-TR晶振,ECX-31B石英晶振,ECS-.327-12.5-34B-C-TR晶振,ECX-31B石英晶振,ECS-.327-9-34B-TR晶振,ECX-31B石英晶振,ECS-.327-9-34B-C-TR晶振,ECX-31B石英晶振,ECS-.327-7-34B-TR晶振,ECX-31B石英晶振,ECS-.327-7-34B-C-TR晶振,ECX-31B石英晶振,ECS-.327-12.5-34G-TR晶振,ECX-34G石英晶振,ECS-.327-12.5-34G-C-TR晶振,ECX-34G石英晶振,ECS-.327-6-34G-TR晶振,ECX-34G石英晶振,ECS-.327-6-34G-C-TR晶振,ECX-34G石英晶振,ECS-.327-12.5-34R-TR晶振,ECX-34R石英晶振,ECS-.327-12.5-34R-C-TR晶振,ECX-34R石英晶振,ECS-.327-9-34R-TR晶振,ECX-34R石英晶振,ECS-.327-9-34R-C-TR晶振,ECX-34R石英晶振,ECS-.327-7-34R-TR晶振,ECX-34R石英晶振,ECS-.327-7-34R-C-TR晶振,ECX-34R石英晶振,ECS-.327-12.5-34RR-TR晶振,ECX-34RR石英晶振,ECS-.327-12.5-34RR-C-TR晶振,ECX-34RR石英晶振,ECS-.327-9-34RR-TR晶振,ECX-34RR石英晶振,ECS-.327-9-34RR-C-TR晶振,ECX-34RR石英晶振,ECS-.327-6-34RR-TR晶振,ECX-34RR石英晶振,ECS-.327-6-34RR-C-TR晶振,ECX-34RR石英晶振,

今天2019年2月14日是一年一度大家口中所谓的”情人节”,也可以说是”情人劫”吼.从字面的意思上来讲并不是情侣夫妻之间的节日,而是情人过的节.所以,大家还是那么高兴又那么期待的要过情人节吗?

其实说起这个情人节的来源,真的,它并非是我们中国的节日,而是西方国家的传统节日之一.情人节又叫圣瓦伦丁节或者圣华伦泰节.(好长的名字,读起来又贼拗口).起源于基督教.原本的意思是男女间相互送花,巧克力,贺卡以及表达爱意或者友好的日子.晚餐约会通常代表了情侣关系的发展关键.然后各国的商家借此商机做活动,再慢慢的也成为了各国青年人喜爱的日子.情人节便开始流行起来.

但,我们不能在每天都过着安稳日子的时候忘记了那些革命的艰辛.我们应该多去了解一些历史.比如说国内,都出现了一些什么大事情.

 1912年2月14日 孙中山辞去临时大总统一职

106年前,1912年2月14日(辛亥年腊月廿七)，孙中山辞去临时大总统一职。

♦ 1935年2月14日 蒋介石在庐山答日本《朝日新闻》记者

83年前,1935年2月14日，蒋介石在庐山答日本《朝日新闻》记者问时称：“中日两国不仅在东亚大局上看来有提携之必要，即为世界大局设想，亦非提携不可。”“中国不但无排日之行动思想，亦无排日之必要。”

♦ 1949年2月14日 李宗仁派和平使团与中共谈判

69年前,1949年2月14日，上海“和平使者团”颜惠庆、邵力子、章士钊等16人受李宗仁之托，以私人资格乘飞机到达北平，与中共方面商谈国事。

♦ 1949年2月14日 美国谋求台湾独立失败

69年前,1949年2月14日，美驻华参赞莫成德自南京秘密飞往台北，游说台湾省主席陈诚“自立”。陈诚不从。美方又想以孙立人替陈诚。孙毕业于美国弗吉尼亚军事学院，是国民党军队中留美出身的唯一高级将领，时任台湾防卫司令，但孙对蒋亦无二心。美拉孙计划一厢情愿。

♦ 1950年2月14日 《中苏友好同盟互助条约》在莫斯科签订

68年前,1950年2月14日，经过毛泽东、周恩来同斯大林、维辛斯基会谈，两国政府在莫斯科签订《中苏友好同盟互助条约》，同年4月11日起生效，有效期30年。双方还签订《中苏关于中国长春铁路、旅顺口及大连的协定》、《中苏关于贷款给中华人民共和国的协定》。

♦ 1958年2月14日 周恩来出访朝鲜，中国政府决定撤军。

60年前,1958年2月14日，周恩来率我国政府代表团访问朝鲜，协商撤军一事。

♦ 1963年2月14日 中央美术展览馆建成

55年前,1963年2月14日，中央美术展览馆(中国美术馆)由毛泽东主席题写“中国美术馆”馆额并正式开放，是新中国成立以后的国家文化标志性建筑。主体大楼为仿古阁楼式，黄色琉璃瓦大屋顶，四周廊榭围绕，具有鲜明的民族建筑风格。主楼建筑面积18000多平方米 ，一至五层楼共有17个展览厅，展览总面积8300平方米；1995年新建现代化藏品库，面积4100平方米。

♦ 1972年2月14日 我国与墨西哥建立外交关系

46年前,1972年2月14日，墨西哥同中国建交。建交后，两国关系发展顺利。墨历任总统均在任内访华，中国**主席、政府总理等领导人先后访墨。

♦ 1981年2月14日 邓小平为英国培格曼出版公司编辑出版的《邓小平副主席文集》作序

37年前,1981年2月14日，由英国培格曼出版公司编辑出版的这本文集，收集了邓小平1956年到1979年的部分讲话，内容涉及政治、科学、教育、文艺等几个方面。从50年代中期到70年代末，世界历史在错综复杂的矛盾和激烈的动荡中发展，社会主义中国和中国共产党也走过了自己的很不寻常的道路。

♦ 1983年2月14日 中共中央发出《关于加强党员教育工作的通知》

35年前,1983年2月14日，中共中央发出《关于加强党员教育工作的通知》。《通知》指出：认真学习党的十二大制定的社会主义现代化建设的纲领和大会通过的新党章，是今后一个时期党员教育的主要内容，是提高党员素质、提高党组织战斗力和实现党风根本好转的重要一环，是全党的一件大事。抓好这件大事，要党委负责，全党动手。

♦ 1986年2月14日 国家自然科学基金委员会成立。

32年前,国务院于1986年2月14日批准成立国家自然科学基金委员会，作为管理国家自然科学基金的国务院直属事业单位，自然科学基金委根据国家发展科学技术的方针、政策和规划，有效运用国家自然科学基金，支持基础研究，坚持自由探索，发挥导向作用，发现和培养科学技术人才，促进科学技.

然后国外的2月14日这天,也发生了很多大事件.最令大家关注的可能会是情人节的由来.其实,这个节日说好听点就是为了祭奠瓦伦丁.说难听点就是...后面大伙自个补充,我怕被群殴…其实这个版本也有很多,大家想了解更多一点可以去找一下相关资料.

♦ 公元270年2月14日 为纪念瓦伦丁为爱牺牲，2月14日被定为情人节

1748年前,公元270年2月14日，罗马圣教徒瓦伦丁被处死，基督教徒为了纪念瓦伦丁为纯洁的爱而牺牲自己，将临刑的这一天定为“圣瓦伦节”，此日被后人定为“情人节”

♦ 1076年2月14日 罗马皇帝亨利四世被教皇驱逐出天主教，政教冲突爆发

942年前,1076年2月14日，神圣罗马皇帝亨利四世(Heinrich IV)被罗马教皇格列高利七世。按照天主教廷规定，被处罚者如不能在一年之内获得教皇的宽恕，他的臣民都要对他的解除效忠宣誓。德意志大部分诸侯表示，如果亨利四世不能在一年之内恢复教籍，他们就不再承认他的合法性。亨利四世没有足够的兵力来制服反叛的诸侯，他不得不向格列高利七世低头。

♦ 1859年2月14日 美国合并俄勒冈州

159年前,1830年以后，成千上万的美国人从中西部迁移到西北部太平洋沿岸。在他们走过的俄勒冈小道上，至今仍可见当年篷车压出的车辙。1848年建立俄勒冈地区。1859年2月14日加入联邦，为美国第33州。

♦ 1876年2月14日 贝尔向美国专利局递交了电话发明专利申请书

142年前,1876年2月14日，贝尔申请了那个著名的他和沃森一直研究着的装置——电话的专利。同一天另一个发明家格雷(1835-1901)也向美国专利局递交了相似设备的专利申请书，只因比贝尔晚了几个小时而痛失电话发明权。贝尔获得电话的专利证书。

♦ 1879年2月14日 智利同玻利维亚、秘鲁两国爆发南美太平洋战争

139年前,1879年2月14日(己卯年正月廿四)，智利同玻利维亚、秘鲁两国爆发争夺南太平洋沿岸阿塔卡马荒漠硝石产地的战争。

♦ 1946年2月14日 世界上第一台计算机诞生

72年前,1946年2月14日，由美国军方定制的世界上第一台电子计算机“电子数字积分计算机”(ENIACElectronicNumericalAndCalculator)在美国宾夕法尼亚大学问世了。

♦ 1956年2月14日 苏共二十大上赫鲁晓夫作反斯大林的秘密报告

62年前,1956年2月14日，赫鲁晓夫上台后召开党的二十次代表大会，会议期间，赫鲁晓夫作了反斯大林的秘密报告。

♦ 1958年2月14日 约旦--伊拉克成立阿拉伯联邦

60年前,1958年2月1日，埃及和叙利亚成立阿拉伯联合共和国。约旦、伊拉克认为新成立的阿联对它们具有潜在的威胁而必须组成新联邦。1958年2月14日伊拉克国王费萨尔，约旦国王侯赛因在安曼宣布两国并为一个“阿拉伯联邦”，即“伊约联邦”。

♦ 1967年2月14日 拉美21国签署《拉丁美洲禁止核武器条约》

51年前,《拉丁美洲禁止核武器条约》亦称《特拉特洛尔科条约》。墨西哥、智利等14个拉丁美洲国家于1967年2月14日在墨西哥城的特拉特洛尔科区签订，无限期有效。

♦ 1983年2月14日 印度发生阿萨姆邦屠杀事件

35年前,1983年2月14日，正当印度阿萨姆邦全力以赴进行邦议会选举时，社区间的暴力活动席卷了这个邦，造成几千人死亡。

♦ 1989年2月14日 霍梅尼宣布判处英国作家拉什迪死刑

29年前, 英国作家萨曼·拉什迪因出版一本名为《撒旦诗篇》的小说，遭到了穆斯林世界的强烈反对。1989年2月14日，伊朗宗教领袖霍梅尼宣布判处拉什迪死刑，并悬赏数百万美元追杀他。由此引起了一场国际风波。

♦ 1992年2月14日 联合国宣布1991年世界经济出现战后首次负增长

26年前,1992年2月14日，联合国宣布1991年世界经济出现战后首次负增长

还有很多很多的事迹没有写完,如果大大小小写在一起的话,估计几本书还不够出呢.上面这些都还是一些精选的国内外大事件来的.并且还是没有说完.看完,是不是发现有很多事迹都没看过,也没有了解过.说实话我也是.因为咋天无意之间刷到一条抖音讲的是2月14日国内所发生的大事件,所以才会有想去查阅资料的冲动.情侣间只要关系好,每天都是情人节,也不会在意多这么一天.而现在的人儿除了吃饭睡觉打豆豆玩手机电脑游戏,很少人去看些新闻,了解一些历史.做为晶振销售人员一周只有一天休息,所以我会选择在家睡觉睡到自然醒,但很少能够满足.因为我们石英晶振的业务手机都会24小时开机为客户服务.不敢关机也不敢调无声,因为怕客户找不上我们会着急.如果可以的话,我也还是会想去多了解一些历史的.毕竟读书的时候历史成绩一直都不太理想…

得益于32.768Kace="宋体">有源晶振ace="宋体">ace="宋体">的参与,ace="宋体">所有这些级别都已标准化,其基本性能参数在ANSIT1.101ace="宋体">中定义.通常,已经建立了各级的性能参数,以确保可以通过网络从最精确的时钟,通过中间时钟到最不精确的时钟传输同步.Stratum2,3Eace="宋体">和ace="Calibri">3ace="宋体">个时钟构成了服务提供商同步网络的主要分布部分,这些HCMOSace="宋体">有源时钟晶振ace="宋体">通常成对地部署在NEace="宋体">中.

当前最先进的通信电路,例如：

•μWave频率上变频器

•点对点μWave回程

•卫星调制解调器

•高端网络

•测试和测量设备

都有一个共同点;极低的相位噪声频率参考.从历史上看,为了达到这种水平的相位噪声,振荡器制造商依靠SC-Cut晶振或第5或第7泛音AT-Cut晶体作为参考振荡器解决方案.

前者产生的OCXO体积庞大,功耗过大而且相当昂贵.后者实施起来很复杂,频率提供有限,并且抑制了系统自动校正老化和温度漂移的能力.

解决成本,尺寸,功率,频率稳定性和长期老化校正的综合挑战;Abracon开发了ABLNO系列VCXO晶振,具有出色的相位噪声特性,采用9x14mm封装.

提供50.0MHz和156.25MHz之间的十五个标准频率;这些器件为设计人员提供了全面的参考时序选择.此外,如果系统要求不能使用电压可控振荡器,ABLNO系列可提供固定时钟配置.

图(1)示出了50MHz载波处的典型相位噪声,而图(2)和(3)分别表示100MHz和156.25MHz载波处的典型相位噪声.表(1)总结了在这些载波上配置为VCXO振荡器的ABLNO系列的典型相位噪声性能,而表(2)表示绝对最差情况下的相位噪声特性.

表格1)

典型的相位噪声性能

表(2)

最差情况保证相位噪声性能

ABLNO系列采用经过特殊处理的第3版Overtone,AT-Strip石英晶体设计,采用各种处理技术进行优化,可在温度范围内提供极高的无负载“Q”和频率稳定性.这些晶体和振荡器电路的组合设计具有同类最佳的相位噪声作为主要目标;在载波的12kHz至20MHz的最佳带宽范围内产生了极低的均方根抖动.

表3)

ABLNO系列rms抖动

为了确保出色的相位噪声性能,ABLNO系列不仅满足上述设计的性能参数,而且Abracon还对100％的产品进行了相位噪声和均方根抖动兼容性的室温测试.

如前所述,Abracon已经制定了专有的Quartz-Blank处理技术,以显着降低这些器件的频率与温度误差.通常,相对于25ºC下的测量频率,ABLNO系列器件的误差小于±12ppm(最大值为±18ppm).在-40ºC至+85ºC的工作温度范围内可确保稳定性,如下图(4)所示.

此外,这些器件在10年的产品寿命期间保证比±7ppm的老化更好.为了在此期间实现频率校正能力,VCXO配置中保证了±28ppm的最小频率牵引能力,见图(5).

每天都会接到很多晶振客户的询盘,有的是工厂采购,有的是贸易商采购,有的是EMS代工厂采购员等等.每天都有上百个咨询石英晶振参数报价及拿货订货.也有很多客户经常会"一问三不知",什么是一问三不知,就是我们石英晶振销售人员口中经常说的参数,尺寸,封装.并不是每一个来咨询问料的客户都是能很清楚明白的知道晶振都有哪些参数.这也跟专业性有关吧,毕竟我们是专业做晶振这一块的,对于刚接触晶振的采购人员来说就是一个未知领域,就像我一样,我从事石英晶振销售三年有余,虽然说是从事电子行业的人员,但我却对其它电子产品”一概不知”.什么电容电阻二三极管,到现在为止我都还不知道他们到底长啥样.虽然客户发过来的电路板上是会有这些产品出现,但我却认不出来.只能从板子里认出晶振,然后估出大概尺寸,看出哪个品牌.我们公司从事晶振行业18年有余,一直坚守晶振行业这个领域的事业.现在给大家介绍一下<什么是晶振的具体参数>,<晶振的专业术语>.

Every day, I receive a lot of enquiries from crystal customers, some are factory procurement, some are traders, some are EMS foundry buyers, etc. Every day, there are hundreds of consulting quartz crystal parameters and get orders. Many customers often "One question, three don't know", what is one question, three, I don't know, it is the parameters, size, and packaging that we often say in the quartz crystal sales staff. Not every customer who consults can know clearly what crystals are. Parameters. This is also related to professionalism. After all, we are specialized in crystal oscillators. It is an unknown field for purchasers who are just in contact with crystal oscillators. Like me, I have been engaged in the sales of quartz crystal oscillators for more than three years, although I am a person in the electronics industry, but I don’t know about other electronic products. I don’t know what capacitors and diodes are. So far, I don’t know how long they are. Although the customer’s board will be there. These products appear, but I can't recognize them. I can only recognize the crystal oscillator from the board, and then estimate the approximate size to see which brand. Our company is engaged in crystal oscillators. More than 18 years, we remain firmly committed to the cause of the crystal industry in this area and now tell you about .

首先就是我们经常有问到的,标准频率以及频率偏差也称之为精度.(Nominal Frequency and Tolerance)

The first is what we often ask. Standard frequency and frequency deviation are also called accuracy. (Nominal Frequency and Tolerance)

在正确的振荡线路匹配下,从振荡线路输出的频率称之为”公称频率”.石英晶体谐振器的频率通常都是以兆赫兹(MHZ)或者千赫兹(KHZ)来表示.而频率偏差则是在实际批量生产及振荡线路应用上,产品在室内环境25度中都会有一些相对于中心频率的频率误差.这一类的频率容许误差的最大散布值,一般是有ppm(parts per million)或者%(percent)来表示.

Under the correct oscillating line matching, the frequency output from the oscillating line is called the “nominal frequency.” The frequency of the quartz crystal resonator is usually expressed in megahertz (MHZ) or kilohertz (KHZ). The frequency deviation is In actual mass production and oscillating line applications, the product will have some frequency error relative to the center frequency in the indoor environment of 25 degrees. The maximum dispersion value of this type of frequency tolerance is generally ppm (parts per million). Or %(percent) to indicate.

其次就是石英晶振的基本波振荡和倍频振荡模态简称”泛音振动”. (Fundamental and Overtone Vibrations Mode)

The second is the fundamental wave oscillation of the quartz crystal oscillator and the frequency doubling oscillation mode referred to as "overtone vibration". (Fundamental and Overtone Vibrations Mode)

AT切割型的石英晶振主要以厚度剪切振荡模式存在,高次谐振动波与电极区域之间的基本振动共存.由于两个电极的极性相反,在压电石英晶体谐振器中只能激发奇数谐波振动.

The AT-cut quartz crystal oscillator mainly exists in the thickness shear oscillation mode, and the high-order harmonic vibration wave coexists with the basic vibration between the electrode regions. Since the polarities of the two electrodes are opposite, only the piezoelectric quartz crystal resonator can be excited. Odd harmonic vibration.

再然后就是相当主要的负载电容了(Load capacitance),负载电容CL是振荡器通过谐振器两端观察电路时所呈现出的电容量,负载电容形式上与谐振器串联或者并联,对于并联负载情况,CL的存在将影响并联谐振频率,而并联负载谐振频率FL由下面工式给出,所以在咨询型号参数的时候,这个参数必需是客户指定参数.

Then there is a fairly large load capacitance. The load capacitance CL is the capacitance that the oscillator exhibits when observing the circuit through the resonator. The load capacitance is in series or parallel with the resonator. For parallel load conditions. The presence of CL will affect the parallel resonant frequency, and the parallel load resonant frequency FL is given by the following equation, so when consulting the model parameters, this parameter must be the customer-specified parameter.

在晶振购买过程中，这些参数都是用得较多的几个参数了.其实还有很多参数还没介绍完,明日再继续更新最新的晶振参数说明.希望可以帮助那些想要了解晶振,并且采购晶振的客户去了解更多的信息资料.

世界上第一块石英表的实际应用与音叉石英晶振的开发是不少工程师所流下的血液，汗水以及眼泪的结晶.随着时间慢慢的推移,石英晶振产品不断的连接着电视,电脑,手机,手表等慢慢靠近着我们的生活.渐渐的这些石英晶振产品已发展成电子行业不可或缺的固定产品.甚至被称为”工业之盐”,电子产品的”心脏”.这些石英晶振最早主由EPSON TOYOCOM公司生产制作而成.

The practical application of the world's first quartz watch and the development of the tuning fork quartz crystal oscillator are the crystallization of blood, sweat and tears that many engineers shed. As time goes by, quartz crystal products are continuously connected to TVs and computers. Mobile phones, watches, etc. are slowly approaching our lives. Gradually these quartz crystal products have developed into indispensable fixed products for the electronics industry. They are even called "the salt of industry", the "heart" of electronic products. These quartz crystal oscillators The earliest production was produced by EPSON TOYOCOM.

QMEMS(Quartz+”MEMS”)是促进MEMS(微电子机械系统)晶体材料微加工工艺独特技术的名称,是EPSON TOYOCOM公司产品的主要核心技术.通过充分利用这项技术的优势可以为石英晶体器件实现更小巧的尺寸及更好的性能.QMEMS技术的起源可以追溯到20世纪70年代初.

QMEMS (Quartz+ "MEMS") is the name of a unique technology that promotes micromachining of MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) crystal materials. It is the main core technology of EPSON TOYOCOM. By taking advantage of this technology, it can be realized for quartz crystal devices. Smaller size and better performance. The origins of QMEMS technology can be traced back to the early 1970s.

1969年，在日本中部的苏瓦湖岸边，当地的一家公司悄然成功地将世界上第一块石英晶振手表变成了现实 - “精工石英天文35Q”（图1），这一事件让世界措手不及。

In 1969, on the shores of Lake Suva in central Japan, a local company quietly succeeded in turning the world's first quartz watch into reality - "Seiko Quartz Astronomy 35Q" (Figure 1), an event that caught the world off guard. .

这真是一个划时代的突破。在此之前，石英钟表虽然非常精确，但却非常大，以至于不能轻易携带，而是采用箱形钟表的形式悬挂在墙壁上。虽然机械手表当然已经存在，但这些并不精确。需要一个创新的解决方案来解决更好的精度和更紧凑的尺寸的双重问题，全球各地的公司都在1960年代中后期进行无情竞争以找到一个问题。

This is really an epoch-making breakthrough. Prior to this, quartz clocks, although very precise, were so large that they could not be easily carried, but were suspended from the wall in the form of a box-shaped clock. Although mechanical watches certainly exist, these are not precise. An innovative solution is needed to solve the double problem of better precision and more compact size, and companies around the world have ruthlessly competed in the mid to late 1960s to find a problem.

图1：世界上第一块石英手表'精工石英Astron 35Q'
注：这些电影是使用YouTube™提供的。
YouTube是Google Inc.的商标

图2：Quartz Astron开发之前的晶体单元这是
在Quartz Astron到来之前实际使用的晶体单元
类型的一个例子。虽然看起来很大，长约50毫
米，但它实际上是当时最小的水晶单元之一.

它是精工苏瓦株式会社，苏瓦湖岸边，它正悄悄地控制着这个发展的竞争对手。使精工苏瓦株式会社领先其竞争对手的因素之一是该公司成功地使晶体单元更加紧凑。传统的水晶装置尺寸非常大，无法装入手表般小的东西（图2）。精工苏瓦株式会社通过采用称为“音叉晶体”的新结构解决了这个问题。新开发的'Cal.35SQ'型尺寸*晶体单元的直径为4.3mm×长度为18.5mm（图3）。此外，精工苏瓦株式会社还能够调整水晶单元的内部结构，以便克服腕表连接在佩戴者手腕上时经常受到的振动和撞击所引起的问题。

It is Seiko Suva Co., on the shores of Lake Suva, and it is quietly controlling this growing competitor. One of the factors that led Seiko Suva to lead its competitors was the company's success in making crystal units more compact. The traditional crystal device is very large in size and cannot be loaded into a watch-like thing (Fig. 2). Seiko Suva solved this problem by adopting a new structure called "tuning fork crystal". The newly developed 'Cal.35SQ' size* crystal unit has a diameter of 4.3 mm and a length of 18.5 mm (Fig. 3). In addition, Seiko Suva can adjust the internal structure of the crystal unit to overcome the problems caused by vibrations and impacts that are often encountered when the watch is attached to the wearer's wrist.

*此时公司开发的音叉式水晶单元用于Suwa Seikosha内部制造的手表。因此，“我们没有给他们一个特定的产品型号，只是通过他们的机芯名称或手表的操作机制（Calibre，或'Cal。'）来提及它们，”Mutsumi Negita说。

* At this time, the company's tuning fork crystal unit was used for watches made inside Suwa Seikosha. Therefore, "we didn't give them a specific product model, just mention them by their movement name or the operating mechanism of the watch (Calibre, or 'Cal.')," Mutsumi Negita said.

图3：Quartz Astron中使用的音叉晶体单元
采用新开发的音叉结构，使Suwa Seikosha能够成功制造出更小的晶体单元，半径仅为4.3mm，长度为18.5mm。它被分配了型号“Type Cal.35SQ”并且具有8.192kHz的正常频率。

Figure 3: Tuning fork crystal unit used in Quartz Astron
With the newly developed tuning fork structure, Suwa Seikosha was able to successfully manufacture smaller crystal units with a radius of only 4.3 mm and a length of 18.5 mm. It is assigned the model "Type Cal.35SQ" and has a normal frequency of 8.192 kHz.

日本精工爱普生晶振公司成立于1942年5月,迄今为止已经成了晶振行业较出名的进口晶振品牌,日本爱普生晶振,KDS大真空晶振,SEIKO精工晶振,KYOCERA晶振,NDK晶振均是日系较大晶振品牌供应商.市场竞争力比较大,各大进口晶振品牌制造商也不断的研发生产新产品. 

Japan Seiko Epson Crystal Co., Ltd. was established in May 1942. So far, it has become a well-known imported crystal brand in the crystal industry. Japan Epson crystal oscillator, KDS large vacuum crystal oscillator,Seiko crystaloscillator, KYOCERA crystal oscillator, NDK crystal oscillator are Japanese large crystal oscillators. Brand suppliers. The market competitiveness is relatively large, and the major imported crystal brand manufacturers are constantly developing and producing new products.

就在2014年3月26日,爱普生晶振公司推出SG7050EBN晶振.这款石英晶体振荡器型号是下一代的差分输出晶振(差分信号手于高频时钟和数据信号,以实现良好的信号完整性和高抗噪性.如:高精度,高温度,低抖动,低功耗).可实现极低的相位抖动(时钟周期之前的波动,这可能导致数据传输期间的们错误).

On March 26, 2014, Epson Crystal Corporation introduced the SG7050EBN crystal. This quartz crystal oscillator model is the next generation of differential output crystal (differential signal hands on high frequency clock and data signals for good signal integrity and High noise immunity. For example: high precision, high temperature, low jitter, low power consumption. It can achieve extremely low phase jitter (fluctuations before the clock cycle, which may cause errors during data transmission).

SG7050EBN晶振的频率范围在100~175MHZ之间,可以实现65fs的相位抖动.些性能适用于数据中心和中心局使用的1040和100千兆位以太网互连.SG7050EBN晶振将用于有线网络设备使用,包括运营商和企业,如高端路由器和交换机.

The SG7050EBN crystal has a frequency range of 100 to 175 MHz and can achieve phase jitter of 65 fs. These features are suitable for 1040 and 100 Gigabit Ethernet interconnections used in data centers and central offices. The SG7050EBN crystal oscillator will be used for wired network equipment. , including operators and enterprises, such as high-end routers and switches.

SG7050EBN采用专为低噪声设计的振荡器IC和采用爱普生专用QMEMS(QMEMS结合了”石英”,一种具有出色稳定性和精度的压电晶体材料,以采用微制造技术设计的”MEMS”微机系统.结合了MEMS技术的优势和石英材料的基本优势.也是精工爱普生晶振公司注册的商标)工艺制造的高频基波(HFF)AT切晶体(HFF晶体单元是通过光刻工艺蚀刻成倒置台面形状并以高基频振荡的晶体芯片).实现65fs相位抖动.爱普生的HFF晶体技术比传统的三次谐波晶体更加可靠.爱普生晶振公司后续也打算通过逐步发布支持HCSL和LVDS输出标准的新产品来解决网络设备中使用的各种差分输出格式.EPSON晶振致力于提高客户的设计自由度,采用高度紧凑的5032(5.0*3.2*1.0mm)封装.

The SG7050EBN uses an oscillator IC designed for low noise and a QMEMS (QMEMS combined with quartz), a piezoelectric crystal material with excellent stability and precision, and a "MEMS" microcomputer system designed with micro-fabrication technology. Combines the advantages of MEMS technology with the basic advantages of quartz materials. It is also a trademark of Seiko Epson Crystal Co., Ltd.) Processed high-frequency fundamental (HFF) AT-cut crystal (HFF crystal unit is etched into an inverted mesa shape by photolithography and High-frequency oscillation crystal chip). Realize 65fs phase jitter. Epson's HFF crystal technology is more reliable than traditional third-harmonic crystal. Epson Crystal's follow-up is also intended to solve network equipment by gradually releasing new products supporting HCSL and LVDS standards. Various differential output formats used in the EPSON crystal oscillator are dedicated to improving the customer's design freedom in a highly compact 5032 (5.0*3.2*1.0mm) package.

精工爱普生晶振公司将推广备受欢迎的可编程晶体振荡器系列，推出两个新开发的差分晶振系列产品。与同类产品相比，新型SG-8101晶振系列和SG-9101晶振系列具有更宽的工作温度范围和50％的电流消耗，而SG-8101晶振的频率容差更高66％。用户可以使用SG-Writer II* 1编程工具对SG-8101系列和扩频振荡器进行编程，从而降低SG-9101系列中的光谱EMI辐射。量产计划于2016年6月开始。

Seiko Epson Crystal will introduce the popular family of programmable crystal oscillators and introduce two newly developed differential crystal oscillators. Compared to similar products, the new SG-8101 crystal series and the SG-9101 crystal series have a wider operating temperature range and 50% current consumption, while the SG-8101 crystal has a 66% higher frequency tolerance. Users can program the SG-8101 Series and Spread Spectrum Oscillator with the SG-Writer II* 1 programming tool to reduce spectral EMI emissions in the SG-9101 Series. The mass production plan begins in June 2016.

近年来，越来越需要能够在多种环境中使用的多功率及多功能小型电子设备。包括极端户外和工厂安装，对具有出色频率稳定性和耐受各种温度的能力的晶体振荡器的需求已经增加。 。

In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for multi-power and multi-function small electronic devices that can be used in a variety of environments. Including extreme outdoor and factory installations, the demand for crystal oscillators with excellent frequency stability and ability to withstand various temperatures has increased. .

自从1997年推出世界上第一台可编程晶振SG-8000系列以来，爱普生晶振公司为市场提供了小巧，精确的可编程振荡器。爱普生开发了新的SG-8101系列，配备了高效，紧凑和精密技术的仓库。和SG-9101系列结合使用QMEMS * 2，半导体和温度补偿晶体振荡器（TCXO）频率调节技术。

Since the introduction of the world's first programmable crystal oscillator SG-8000 series in 1997, Epson Crystal has provided the market with a compact, accurate programmable oscillator. Epson has developed the new SG-8101 series, equipped with efficient, compact and sophisticated technology warehouses. Combined with the SG-9101 series, QMEMS* 2, semiconductor and temperature compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO) frequency adjustment technology.

虽然这两个系列都提供了与早期爱普生产品相当的频率和其他参数的简单可编程性（SG-8101晶振为，SG-9001晶振为SG-9101晶振）,它们还具有更宽的工作温度范围，最高限制为105℃。除了2.5 mm x 2.0 mm封装，使电子制造商能够节省电路板空间外，石英晶体振荡器还将提供以下常用封装尺寸：3.2 mm x 2.5 mm，5.0 mm x 3.2 mm和7.0 mm x 5.0毫米。

Although both series offer simple programmability with frequency and other parameters comparable to earlier Epson products (SG-8101 crystal, SG-9001 crystal is SG-9101 crystal), they also have a wider operating temperature range The maximum limit is 105 °C. In addition to the 2.5 mm x 2.0 mm package, electronics manufacturers can save board space, and the oscillators are available in the following common package sizes: 3.2 mm x 2.5 mm, 5.0 mm x 3.2 mm, and 7.0 mm x 5.0 mm.

与同类产品相比，SG-8101系列振荡器的频率容差约为66％，电流消耗降低50％。使用扩频的SG-9101系列振荡器比可比数据消耗的电流低75％。用户可以使用Epson SG-Writer II（另售）将产品编程到所需的输出频率，以及所需的输出频率调制曲线和周期。

Compared with similar products, the SG-8101 series oscillators have a frequency tolerance of approximately 66% and a current consumption reduction of 50%. The spread-spectrum SG-9101 series oscillator consumes 75% less current than comparable data. Users can use the Epson SG-Writer II (sold separately) to program the product to the desired output frequency, as well as the desired output frequency modulation curve and period.

这些振荡器可在各种环境条件下使用。它们还将显着提高性能，降低功耗要求，快速开发周期和小批量生产。

These oscillators can be used in a variety of environmental conditions. They will also significantly improve performance, reduce power requirements, rapid development cycles and small batch production.

* 1 SG-Writer II和可选组件将通过软件更新（免费）支持SG-8002和SG-8003系列中的现有产品以及新SG-8101和SG-9101系列中的产品。

* 2 QMEMS：
QMEMS结合了“石英”，一种具有优异频率稳定性和高精度的优异特性的晶体材料，以及“MEMS”（微机电系统）。
QMEMS器件通过微晶加工工艺在晶体材料上而不是像MEMS这样的半导体材料上生产，在紧凑的封装中提供高性能。QMEMS是Seiko Epson Corporation的注册商标。

图片 零件号 符合RoHS  封装 逻辑（输出） 供电电压 频率 TX-O 合规 2.5 X 2.0陶瓷 4焊盘SMD 截断正弦波 2.5V，2.8V，3.0V，3.3V 16.000MHz~26.000MHz TX-U 合规 2.0 X 1.6陶瓷 4垫SMD 截断正弦波 1.8V，2.5V  2.8V，3.0V，3.3V 13.000MHz~52.000MHz TX-N 合规 2.5 X 2.0陶瓷 4焊盘SMD 截断正弦波 1.8V，2.5V，2.8V 13.000MHz~52.000MHz TX-L 合规 3.2 X 2.5陶瓷 4垫SMD  CMOS  削波正弦波 1.8V，2.5V  2.8V，3.0V，3.3V 4.000MHz~54.000MHz TX-M 合规 3.2 X 2.5陶瓷 4焊盘SMD   （模拟补偿） 截断正弦波 1.8V，2.5V  2.8V，3.0V，3.3V 16.000MHz~26.000MHz TX-Q 合规 3.2 X 2.5陶瓷 4垫SMD  CMOS 1.8V，2.5V  2.8V，3.0V，3.3V 4.000MHz~54.000MHz TFC5 合规 5.0 X 3.2陶瓷 4垫SMD CMOS  削波正弦波 3.3V，5.0V 10.000MHz~40.000MHz TX-J 合规 5.0 X 3.2陶瓷 4垫SMD CMOS  削波正弦波 3.3V，5.0V 10.000MHz~40.000MHz TE-J 合规 5.0 X 3.2 Epoxy  4 Pad SMD CMOS  削波正弦波 1.8V，2.5V，3.3V 13.000MHz~52.000MHz TX-T 合规 5.0 X 3.2陶瓷 4垫SMD CMOS  削波正弦波 1.8V，2.5V，2.8V  3.0V，3.3V，5.0V 4.000MHz~54.000MHz TFC 合规 7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 SMD CMOS  削波正弦波 3.3V，5.0V 5.000MHz~40.000MHz TE-S 合规 7.0 X 5.0 Epoxy  4 Pad SMD CMOS  削波正弦波 1.8V，2.5V，3.3V 10.000MHz~40.000MHz TXCS 合规 7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 SMD LVCMOS 截断正弦波 3.3V 10.000MHz~16.376MHz TX-K 合规 7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 4垫SMD CMOS  削波正弦波 2.5V，3.3V 5.000MHz~52.000MHz TX-P 合规 7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 4垫SMD CMOS  削波正弦波 3.3V，5.0V 5.000MHz~40.000MHz TX-S 合规 7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 SMD CMOS  削波正弦波 3.3V，5.0V 5.000MHz~50.000MHz TX-SB 合规 7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 SMD 截断正弦波 3.3V，5.0V 10.000MHz~27.000MHz TX-R 合规 7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 4垫SMD CMOS 3.3V，5.0V 1.250MHz~156.250MHz TX-V 合规 7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 SMD CMOS  削波正弦波 3.3V，5.0V 5.000MHz~40.000MHz TX-A 合规 14针DIP通孔 4.5mm高度 CMOS / TTL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1kHz~800.000MHz TX-AL 合规 14针DIP通孔 4.5mm高度 LVDS  LVPECL 3.3V，5.0V 750kHz~800.000MHz TX-B 合规 14针DIP通孔 8.5mm高度 CMOS / TTL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1kHz~800.000MHz TX-BL 合规 14针DIP通孔 8.5mm高度 LVDS  LVPECL 3.3V，5.0V 750kHz~800.000MHz TX-C 合规 20.0 X 20.0  DIP通孔 CMOS / TTL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1kHz~800.000MHz TX-d 合规 14.3 X 8.7 FR4 PCB  4焊盘SMD CMOS / TTL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1kHz~800.000MHz TX-D6 合规 14.3 X 8.7 FR4 PCB  6焊盘SMD CMOS / TTL  LVDS / LVPECL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1kHz~800.000MHz TX-E 合规 18.3 X 11.7 PCB SMD CMOS / TTL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1kHz~800.000MHz TX-EL 合规 18.3 X 11.7 PCB SMD LVDS  LVPECL 3.3V，5.0V 750kHz~800.000MHz TX-F4 合规 11.4 X 9.8 PCB  4焊盘SMD CMOS / TTL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1kHz~800.000MHz TX-F6 合规 11.4 X 9.8 PCB  6焊盘SMD CMOS / TTL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1kHz~800.000MHz VTXLN 合规 11.4 X 9.6 PCB  4焊盘SMD  -150dBC / Hz @ 1kHz HCMOS 3.3V，5.0V 10.000MHz~20.000MHz TX-G 合规 11.4 X 11.6 PCB  鸥翼式SMD CMOS / TTL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1.250MHz~50.000MHz TX-H 合规 14针DIP  密封 通孔 CMOS / TTL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1kHz~800.000MHz TFL 合规 14针DIP  密封 通孔 LVDS  LVPECL 3.3V，5.0V 750kHz~800.000MHz THH 合规 8针DIP  密封 通孔 CMOS / TTL  CSW / SW 3.3V，5.0V 1kHz~800.000MHz THL 合规 8针DIP  密封 通孔 LVDS  LVPECL 3.3V，5.0V 750kHz~800.000MHz

The company is Transko crystal in California, USA. Since its establishment in 1992, the company has been committed to the development and production of high-precision TCXO temperature-compensated crystal oscillators. Since 1993, it has opened a manufacturing plant in Laguna Hills, California, USA, and introduced high-end production equipment. After four years, it began to officially produce TCXO. Temperature-compensated crystal oscillators and VCXO voltage-controlled crystal oscillators. In this year, Transko Tranco Crystal has achieved a very large growth breakthrough.

图片	部件号	符合RoHS	封装尺寸	输出方式	供电电压	频率
	TSM16	合规	1.6 X 1.2陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	HCMOS	1.8V，2.5V，3.3V	1.000MHz~80.000MHz
	TSL21	合规	2.0 X 1.6陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	HCMOS	1.8V，2.5V，3.3V，5.0V	32.768kHz的
	TSM21	合规	2.0 X 1.6陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	HCMOS	1.8V，2.5V，3.3V	1.000MHz~80.000MHz
	TLP22	合规	2.5 X 2.0陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	HCMOS	1.8V~3.3V  （最大10uA）	32.768kHz的
	TP22	合规	2.5 X 2.0陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	HCMOS	1.8V~3.3V	1.000MHz~200.000MHz
	TP22A	合规	2.5 X 2.0陶瓷 6 PAD SMD	HCMOS  LVDS  LVPECL	2.5V，3.3V	10.000MHz~1500.000MHz
	TSL22	合规	2.5 X 2.0陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	HCMOS	1.8V，2.5V，2.8V  3.0V，3.3V	32.768kHz  （156kHz~1MHz可用）
	TSM22	合规	2.5 X 2.0陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	HCMOS	1.0V~5.0V	0.750MHz~125.000MHz
	TEL31	合规	3.2 X1.5陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	HCMOS	1.8V~3.3V  （最大1.5uA）	32.768kHz的
	TEL32	合规	3.2 X 2.5陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	HCMOS	1.8V~5.0V  （最大1.5uA）	32.768kHz的
	TG 32	合规	3.2 X 2.5陶瓷 6 PAD SMD	HCMOS  LVDS  LVPECL	2.5V，3.3V	10.000MHz~1500.000MHz
	THS32	合规	3.2 X 2.5陶瓷 6 PAD SMD	HCMOS	2.5V~3.3V	2.500MHz~55.000MHz
	TLP32	合规	3.2 X 2.5陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	HCMOS	1.8V~3.3V  （最大10uA）	32.768kHz的
	TLSM3	合规	3.2 X 2.5陶瓷 6 PAD SMD	LVDS	2.5V~3.3V	13.500MHz~156.250MHz
	TP32	合规	3.2 X 2.5陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	HCMOS	1.8V~3.3V	1.000MHz~200.000MHz
	TSM32	合规	3.2 X 2.5陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	HCMOS	1.0V~5.0V	1.000MHz~156.250MHz
	TSL32	合规	3.2 X 2.5陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	HCMOS	1.8V~5.0V	32.768kHz  （25kHz~1MHz可用）
	TCP53	合规	5.0 X 3.2陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	HCMOS  扩频 低EMI	2.5V，3.3V	1.000MHz~200.000MHz
	TSM53	合规	5.0 X 3.2陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	HCMOS  TTL  CMOS / TTL	1.0V~5.0V	1.000MHz~200.000MHz
	TGM5	合规	5.0 X 3.2陶瓷 6 PAD SMD	LVDS  LVPECL	2.5V~3.3V	25.000MHz~200.000MHz
	TLSM5	合规	5.0 X 3.2陶瓷 6 PAD SMD	LVDS	2.5V~3.3V	12.000MHz~800.000MHz
	TP53A	合规	5.0 X 3.2陶瓷 6 PAD SMD	HCMOS  LVDS  LVPECL	2.5V，3.3V	10.000MHz~1500MHz
	TPSM5	合规	5.0 X 3.2陶瓷 6 PAD SMD	LVPECL	2.5V~3.3V	0.750MHz~800.000MHz
	TSL53	合规	5.0 X 3.2陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	CMOS	1.0V~5.0V	32.768kHz  （25kHz~1MHz可用）
	TCP75	合规	7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	HCMOS  扩频 低EMI	2.5V，3.3V	1.000MHz~200.000MHz
	TP75A	合规	7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 6 PAD SMD	HCMOS  LVDS  LVPECL	2.5V，3.3V	10.000MHz~1500MHz
	TSL75	合规	7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	HCMOS	1.8V~5.0V	32.768kHz  （25kHz~1MHz可用）
	TSM75	合规	7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	HCMOS	1.8V，2.5V，2.8V  3.0V，3.3V，5.0V	1.000MHz~200.000MHz
	TLSM	合规	7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 6 PAD SMD	LVDS	2.5V~3.3V	12.000MHz~800.000MHz
	TPSM	合规	7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 6 PAD SMD	LVPECL	2.5V~3.3V	12.000MHz~800.000MHz
	THCSL	合规	7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 6 PAD SMD	HCSL	2.5V，3.3V	13.500MHz~200.000MHz
	TGM	合规	7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 6 PAD SMD	LVDS  LVPECL	2.5V，3.3V	25.000MHz~200.000MHz
	TSP	合规	14.0 X 9.8塑料 4 PIN SMD	HCMOS  TTL  CMOS / TTL	3.3V，5.0V	1.000MHz~125.000MHz
	TLS	合规	14.5 X 9.2 PCB基座 6P SMD	LVDS	2.5V~5.0V	0.750MHz~800.000MHz
	TPS	合规	14.5 X 9.2 PCB基座 6P SMD	LVPECL	2.5V，3.3V	12.000MHz~800.000MHz
	TPS-1236	合规	14.3 X 8.7 PCB基座 4P SMD	HCMOS	3.3V	24.576MHz~49.152MHz
	SXO	合规	8脚DIP / 14脚DIP  通孔	CMOS  TTL  HCMOS / TTL	1.8V~5.0V	200Hz~300.000MHz
	SXS	合规	8脚DIP / 14脚DIP  通孔	CSW	3.3V，5.0V	6.000MHz~190.000MHz
	SXL	合规	8脚DIP / 14脚DIP  通孔	LVDS	3.3V，5.0V	0.750MHz~800.000MHz
	SXP	合规	8脚DIP / 14脚DIP  通孔	PECL	3.3V，5.0V	0.750MHz~800.000MHz
	ECP	合规	14针DIP全尺寸  通孔	PECL	3.3V，5.0V	0.750MHz~800.000MHz
	EXO	合规	14针DIP全尺寸  通孔	ECL	-5.2V	10.000MHz~250.000MHz

The TranskoCrystal Oscillator crystal oscillator has been developing and producing crystals and oscillators since the company was founded in 1992, fourth years ago. In the following year, VCXO CRYSTAL voltage controlled crystal oscillator and TCXO CRYSTAL temperature compensated crystal oscillator were quickly launched. As the Transko Crystal Oscillator crystal oscillator has been recognized by the market, the volume of orders has been greatly improved, and great breakthroughs have been made. The Transko Crystal company had to move to a larger factory in aheim, California.